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Pt-exchanged membrane achieved a bit lower p-xylene relative yield increase of 22% at 370 ◦C by feeding m-xylene. The p-xylene flux through the Ba-ZSM-5 membrane was found to be quite dependent on the Ba2+ concentration, where an increase in the ion concentration ensured higher p-xylene fluxes leading to better extraction from the reaction zone. Moreover, a ternary mixture (65% m-xylene, 14.5% p-xylene and 20.5% o-xylene) isomerization reaction in the fixed bed reactor as well as in the CMR with the fully exchanged Ba-ZSM-5 resulted in 2.86 × 10−8 mol·s−1 and 3.74 × 10−8 mol· s−1p-xylene production, respectively confirming an increase of 31% in favor of the CMR at 370 ◦C. Due to experimental limitations, the authors evaluated theoretically using a transport model [232] the effect of the relevant for industrial application high pressure of around 1000 kPa and stated that the p-xylene production enhancement could be obtained by operation in CMR despite the selectivity decrease of the membrane at higher pressure. However, experimental evaluation would be still interesting for the verification of the theoretical observations. Recently, Yeong [164] studied theoretically and experimentally the isomerization of m-xylene in acid-functionalized silicalite-1 catalytic membrane reactors. Propylsulfonic acid sites or arenesulfonic acid sites were provided to the inert silicalite-1 membranes via post-synthesis modifications. Higher isomerization activity was obtained with the arenesulfonic acid-functionalized membrane mainly ascribed to its higher acidity and more effective continuous removal of p-xylene. According to the results gained in this study, the acid-modified membranes turned out to be more effective in terms of m-xylene conversion and p-xylene productivity improvement compared with the membranes reported in early studies [158–161]. Moreover, the kinetic parameters reported in this study offer useful platform for further optimization of the catalytic membrane reactor design. Zhang et al. [165] prepared H+ ion-exchanged MFI zeolite membranes on α-Al2O3 disc support. In earlier works of the same working group [161], the use of that very catalytic active zeolite membrane was proposed as an effective tool for achieving high permeation flux. The catalytic MFI zeolite membrane exhibited notable p-xylene selectivity of nearly 92%, however, at a significantly low m-xylene conversion of 6.5%, which was mainly ascribed to the limited number of active sites on disk-shaped membrane. Further on, the benefit of membrane reactor combining catalytic active and permselective boron substituted MFI zeolite membrane was demonstrated in the 1-butene double-bond isomerization [166]. Thereby, the incorporated boron in the framework generated Brønsted sites with low acid strength providing the catalytic selectivity. On the other side, the MFI membrane displayed selective permeation for trans-2 butene, giving rise to enhanced trans/cis ratio. So, in the retentate a trans/cis ratio between 1.4 and 1.5 being the same as the equilibrium ratio was found while in the permeate it was increased to a value of 2.2. 37PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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