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according to previous literature [12,36] except that the addition of NaOH and the synthesis was carried out at 100 ̋C for 72 h. When the synthesis was completed, the nanocrystals products were washed, dried, and calcined at 550 ̋C for 6 h in muffle furnace followed by ion-exchanged, dried, and calcined process. The zeolite prepared according to the above methods is denoted Nano-ZSM-5 (with an actual Si/Al of 55 determined by XRF). 3.1.2. Ga2O3/ZSM-5 Preparation The as-prepared Nano-ZSM-5 was subsequently impregnated by the incipient wetness technique using aqueous solution of Ga(NO)3 ̈ xH2O, dried for 10 h at 100 ̋C, and calcined at 600 ̋C for 6 h. Catalysts prepared in this way with x wt. % of Ga2O3 are denoted x% Ga2O3/ZSM-5. 3.1.3. Hierarchical Ga2O3/ZSM-5 Hollow Fibers Preparation The outer fluid was prepared as follows: 1.5 g dry Ga2O3/ZSM-5 nanocrystals were added to 12.16 g absolute ethanol in a beaker (sealed by plastic wrap) and the mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment at 100 W for 8 h in order to the nanocrystals be fully dispersed in absolute ethanol. Then, 2.5 g PVP powder was added into the suspension followed by stirring to dissolve PVP powder completely. At last, in order to exclude bubbles in the suspension, another 0.5 h sonication treatment was conducted. The electrospinning experimental device and the process of electrospinning are similar to that described in the literature [12] except that the flow rate of the paraffin oil is 0.8 mL ̈ h ́1. The as-prepared fibers are denoted x% Ga2O3/ZSM-5 hollow fibers. 3.2. Catalyst Characterization X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns in the range of 5 ̋–50 ̋ were recorded on a powder X-ray diffractometer(Shimadzu XRD 6000) (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) using CuKα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) with a scanning rate of 2 ̋/min, voltage 40 kV, and current 30 mA. Quanta 200F (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) scanning electron microscpy (SEM) was used to observe morphology of the catalysts, and it was also employed for EDX line scan. TEM images were obtained by a JEOL JEM 2100 electron microscope (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a field emission source at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The BET specific surface area and pore volume of the samples were determined by adsorption-desorption of nitrogen at liquid nitrogen temperature, using a Micromeritics TriStar II 3020 porosimetry analyzer (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to analyze the change of surface composition performed on a PerkinElmer PHI-1600 ESCA (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) spectrometer using 188PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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