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Mg ̈ Ka (hv = 1253.6 eV, 1 eV = 1.603 ˆ 10 ́19 J) X-ray source. The binding energy values were corrected for charging effect by referring to the adventitious C1s line at 284.6 eV. Acidic properties of the catalysts were characterized by the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) method. 0.1 g sample was pretreated in nitrogen at 600 ̋C for 1 h, cooled to room temperature, and adsorbed NH3 for 30 min. After flushing with pure nitrogen gas for 45 min, TPD started at a rate of 10 ̋C/min from 100 ̋C to 600 ̋C and the signal was monitored with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). The TG-DSC test was performed to analyze the amount of carbon deposition using METTLER TOLEDO TGA/DSC 1 (Mettler Toledo, Zurich, Switzerland), at a heating rate of 10 ̋C/min from 30 ̋C to 800 ̋C in an oxygen atmosphere. 3.3. Reaction Testing Catalytic tests were performed in a fixed-bed flow reactor by passing a gaseous of n-butane (2 mL ̈min ́1, 99.9%) in nitrogen at a flow rate of 38 mL/min, and the catalyst load was 200 mg. The products were analyzed on-line using a gas chromatograph (SP-2100) (Beifen-Ruili, Beijing, China) equipped with a 30 m GS-ALUMINA capillary column and a FID detector (Beifen-Ruili, Beijing, China), and the contents of them are calculated on hydrocarbon basis (Tables S2–S7). 4. Conclusions The dehydrogenation component of Ga2O3 was introduced to acid-based ZSM-5 nanocrystals, using Ga2O3/ZSM-5 nanoparticles as building blocks, Ga2O3/ZSM-5 hollow fibers with hierarchical macro-meso-microporosity were successfuly prepared by coaxial electrospinning. High conversion activity of n-butane and good yield of C2=, C3=, C4= plus BTX were demonstrated. Superior catalytic performances are attributed to the good banlance of the cracking function of ZSM-5 and the dehydrogenation of Ga2O3, and the synergetic effect of bifunctionality and hierarchical porosity. The present results help to cast new light on the design of bifunctional fiber-based catalysts for efficient catalytic conversion of light alkanes. Acknowledgments: The authors thank the support of this work by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2012CB215001), National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1162117), Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (YETP0696), and Prospect Oriented Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (Grant No. ZX20140257). Author Contributions: J.H., S.H., J.L., Y.Z., Y.L., and R.W. performed the experiments and conducted the catalytic activity tests. J.H., G.J., and Z.Z. conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the experimental data, and wrote the paper. C.X., Y.W., A.D., J.L. and Y.W. interpreted the results, and gave advice about the data analysis as well as the preparation of the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 189PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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