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biomass-derived compounds that were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of sugar-cane bagasse. These effects could be rationalized in terms of a direct interaction of the compounds present in the hydrolyzate and aluminate/silicate species. Besides, the crystal nucleus surface affects the self-assembly process and therefore the crystal growth. Moreover, an interaction between biomass derived-compounds and inorganic precursors is occurring during the ageing time (after the crystals are readily formed), probably via a continuous process of redissolution/recrystallization at longer synthesis times [35]. We highlight that this process is barely observed during ZSM-5 synthesis in the absence if biomass-derived compounds and only a moderate increase in SAR was achieved during ageing time. As aluminate species were already dissolved in the gel, the incorporation of silicates is favored by a sequential process. It is therefore expected that longer ageing times result in higher SAR values, as observed from Refs. [1–3]. The process of raising SAR can be related to both an introduction of silicates and alternatively to aluminum removal (as extra-framework aluminum species). The molecular and supramolecular events taking place during zeolite synthesis are very complex and not yet fully understood. By taking as model compounds the acids detected by ESI-MS/MS, we can hypothesize that these phenolic acids, as well as other components present in the hydrolyzate such as carbohydrates (probably polysaccharides), may possibly complex aluminum and/or silicon. Indeed, many complexes of phenolates, cinnamic acid derivatives with aluminum were readily reported in literature [36,37]. In addition, those complexes may further react with carbohydrates. In the frame of zeolite synthesis, these complexes may interfere in the crystal organization synthesis modulating the incorporation and/or removal of T-elements (T: Al or Si) from the framework. Finally, we believe that after consolidation and understanding of all events involved in zeolite preparation with the assistance of biomass-derivate, this approach could work as a powerful tool for tailoring zeolite properties. 3. ExperimentalSection Untreated sugar cane bagasse (20 g) was ground and particles in the 20–80 mesh size range were selected. The bagasse was washed using de-ionized water at 50 ̋C, filtered and dried in a Buchner funnel. This procedure was repeated eight times. Then, the bagasse was used in alkaline hydrolysis conditions, suspended in a 20 mL NaOH solution (either 0.1 or 0.5 mol/L). These alkaline treatments of biomass residues were conducted for 1 h under reflux. Afterwards, the suspension was filtered to remove unreacted fibers and diluted to 100 mL. Thirty mL of this solution was used for the zeolite synthesis. Prior to the ZSM-5 zeolite preparation, the pH of the biomass derived-compound solution obtained after hydrolysis with 0.1 and 0.5 mol/L of NaOH was adjusted to 12 by adding 0.1 and 0.5 mol/L HCl solution, 233PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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