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sheet-iron,andincaseswheretheground 40isusedasthereturn-circuititmayserve as a main, or it may be ofany kind of ma terialmoreorlesinsulating. Figs.4and 5illustrateincross-sectiontwosuchunder ground troughs T and T', of sheet metal, lightandpower,whilethesmallonesc'c'c', embeddedintheiceorfrozenmass,maybe usedforanyotherpurposes. Whilemyinventioncontemplates,chiefly, theinsulationofconductorsemployedinthe transmission of electrical,energy to a dis tance,itmaybe,obviously,otherwiseuse fullyapplied. Insomeinstances,forexact ple,itmaybedesirabletoinstalateandstap 1865 8 actionofthepump. AnothervalveV',of made,isshowninFig.6,whichrepresents suitableconstruction,maybeusedforregul thecros-sectionofatrough,thesamein latingtheflowofthecoolingagent. The otherrespectsasthosebeforeshown,but conductors'C'C'areinsulatedfromtheres containinginsteadofahollowconductorany ervoirs R. R. and from each other at the kindofpipeorconduitL.Thecolingagent jointsJ"JJ,andtheyarefurthermorepro maybedriveninanyconvenientmanner tectedattheplaceswheretheyenterand throughthepipeforthepurposeoffreez leavethegroundbyflangedbushingsI'I'I ingthewaterorothersubstancefilingthe75 I,ofinsulatingmaterial,whichextendinto trough,thusinsulatingandfixinganumber o thefrozenmassinordertopreventthecur ofconductor'sccc. Suchaplanmaybepar rentfromleaking,asaboveexplained. Bind ticularlysuitableincitiesforinsulatingand ing-postsB'B'andBB'areprovidedforcon fixingtelegraphandtelephonewiresorthe nectingtheconductorstothecircuitateach.like. Insuchcasesanexceedingly-lowtem. station. peratureofthecoolingagent maynotbere IS Inlayingtheconductors,asC"C°,whatquired,andtheinsulationwilbeobtained everbetheirnumber,atreachwilgener attheexpenseoflitlepower. Theconduit alybedtagandatrough,roundorsquare, Lmay,however,beusedsimultaneouslyfor asT,ofsmallerdimensionsthanthetrench, conveyinganddistributinganykindofgase placedinthesame,theinterveningspace ouscoolingagentforwhichthereisademand ac beingpackedwithsomematerial(designatedthroughthedistrict.Obviouslytwosuehcon byMMM)moreorlesimpervioustoheat, duitsmaybeprovidedandusedinasimilar assawdust,ashes,orthelike. Nextthecon lmannerastheconductorsC.C. ductorswilbeputinpositionandtempo Itwiloftenbedesirabletoplaceinthe90 rarilysupportedinanyconvenientmanner, sametroughagreatnumberofwiresorcon 25and,finaly,thetroughwilbefiledwith ductorsservingforavarietyofpurposes. waterorothersubstanceW,whichwillbe Insuchacaseaplanmaybeadoptedwhichis gradually frozen by circulating the cooling illustrated in Fig. 7, showing a trough simi agentintheclosedpath,asbeforedescribed. lartothatinFig.6withtheconductorsin95 Usuallythetrenchwilnotbelevel,butwill cros-section. Thecoolingagentmaybein 30followtheundulationsoftheground,and thisinstancecirculated,asinFig.3oroth thiswilmakeitnecessarytosubdividethe erwise,throughthefwohollowconductorsC. troughinsectionsortoefectthefreezingof andC,whichiffoundadvantageousmaybe thesubstancefilingitsucesively.inparts. coveredwithalayerofcheapmaterialmm, 00 Thisbeingdoneandtheconductorsthus suchaswilimprovetheirinsulation,butnot 35 insulatedandfixed,alayerofthesameor preventthefreezingorsolidificationofthe similarmaterialM M M wilbeplaced.on surroundingsubstanceW. Thetubularcon thetopandthewholecoveredwithearthor.ductorsC C,preferablyofiron,maythen pavement. Thetroughmaybeofmetal,as servetoconveyheavycurrentsforsupplying105 45withtheiradiathermanousinclosures,(desig natedM'andM',respectively,)eachtrough containingasinglecentralholiowconductor, asC'C'". IathefirstcasetheinsulationW portaconductorinplacesasisordinarily IS issupposedtobeiceobtainedbyfreezing So waterpreferablyfreedofairinordertoex cludetheformationofdangerousbubblesor cavities,whileinthesecondcasethefrozen massW'issomeaqueousorothersubstance ormixturehighlyinsulatingwheninthis 55 condition. - itshouldbestatedthatinmanyinstances itmaybepracticabletodispensewitha troughbyresortingtosimpleexpedientsin theplacingandinsulatingoftheconductors. Infact,forsomepurposesitmaybesuficient tosimplycoverthelaterwithamoistmass, ascementorotherplasticmaterial,whichso longasitisképtataverylowtemperature andfrozenhardwilaffordadequateinsula tion. Anothertypicalwayofcarryingoutmyin vention,towhichreferencehasalreadybeen donebymeansofglassorporcelaininsula tors. Thismaybeefectedinmanywaysby conveyingacoolingagenteitherthroughthe conductororthroughanindependentchan nelandfreezingorsolidifyinganykindof substance,thusenablingittoservethepur pose. Suchanartificialinsulating-suport, isillustratedinFig.8,inwhicharepresents avesselfilledwithwaterorothersubstance v,frozenbytheagentcirculatingthrough 25 thehollowcontductorC',whichisthusinsu latedandsuppurted. Toimprovetheinsu lationonthetop,whereitismostliableto giveway,alayerofsomesubstancew',asoil, maybeused,andtheconductormaybecov 30 erednearthesupportwithinsulation i,as shown, the same extending into the oil, for reasonswellunderstood. AnothertypicalaplicationofmyinvenPDF Image | Nikola Tesla Method of Insulating Electric Conductors 11865
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