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655,838 3. circulatedintheclosedpathC'C':R*u,u°P made,isshowninFig.6,whichrepresents R"bytheactionofthepump. Anothervalve thecross-sectionofatrough,thesamein V ofsuitableconstructionmaybeusedfor otherrespectsasthosebeforeshown,butcon7O regulatingtheflowofthecoolingagent. The taininginsteadofahollowconductorany conductorsC C°areinsulatedfromtheres kindofpipeorconduitL. Thecoolingagent ervoirsR.Randfromeachotheratthejoints maybedriveninanyconvenientmanner JJJ,andtheyare,furthermore,protected throughthepipeforthepurposeoffreez attheplaceswheretheyenterandleavethe ingthewaterorothersubstancefilingthe75 groundbyflangedbushingsIIII,ofin trough,thusinsulatingandfixinganumber O sulatingmaterial,whichextendintotheofconductorsccc.Suchaplanmaybepar frozenmassinordertopreventthecurrent ticularlysuitableincitiesforinsulatingand fromleaking,asaboveexplained. Binding postsB'B'andB°B°areprovidedforcon nectingtheconductorstothecircuitateach station. Inlayingtheconductors,asC'C',what everbetheirnumber,atrenchwilgenerally bedugandatrough,roundorsquare,asT, ofsmallerdimensionsthanthetrenchplaced inthesame,theinterveningspacebeing fixingtelegraphandtelephonewiresorthe like. Insuchcasesanexceedingly-lowtem peratureofthecoolingagentmaynotbere quired,andtheinsulationwilbeobtained attheexpenseoflitlepower. Theconduit Lmay,however,beusedsimultaneouslyfor conveyinganddistributinganykindoffluid forwhichthereisademandthroughthedis trict. Obviouslytwosuchconduitsmaybe packedwithsomematerial(designatedbyM providedandusedinasimilarmannerasthe MM)moreorlesimpervioustoheat,assaw conductorsC'C'. dust,ashes,orthelike.Next,theconductors Itwiloftenbedesirabletoplaceinthe9O wilbeputinpositionandtemporarilysup sametroughagreatnumberofwiresorcon portedinanyconvenientmanner,andfinaly thetroughwilbefiledwithwaterorother substanceW,whichwilbegraduallyfrozen bycirculatingthecoolingagentintheclosed path,asbeforedescribed. Usuallythetrench 3O wilnotbelevel,butwilfollowtheundula tionsoftheground,andthiswilmakeitnec essarytosubdividethetroughinsectionsor toefectthefreezingofthesubstancefiling itsuccessivelyinparts. Thisbeingdoneand 35theconductorsthusinsulatedandfixed,a layerofthesameorsimilarmaterialMMM wilbeplacedonthetopandthewholecov eredwithearthorpavement. Thetrough maybeofmetal,assheet-iron,andincases 40 wherethegroundisusedasreturn-circuitit mayserveasamainoritmaybeofanykind ofmaterialmoreorlesinsulating. Figs.4 and5illustrateincross-sectiontwosuchun dergroundtroughsT andT',ofmetalsheet, ductorsservingforavarietyofpurposes. In suchacaseaplanmaybeadoptedwhichis illustratedinFig.7,showingatroughsimi lartothatinFig.6,withtheconductorsin95 cros-section. Thecoolingagentmaybein thisinstancecirculated,asinFig.3orother wise,throughthetwohollowconductorsC8 andC,which,iffoundadvantageous,maybe coveredwithalayerofcheapmaterialm,n, OO suchaswilimprovetheirinsulation,but notpreventthefreezingorsolidificationof thesurroundingsubstanceW. Thetubular conductorsC'C',preferablyofiron,maythen servetoconveyheavycurrentsforsupplying lightandpower,whilethesmallonesc'c'c', embeddedintheiceorfrozenmass,maybe usedforanyotherpurposes. Whilemyinventioncontemplates,chiefly, theinsulationofconductorsemployedinthe IO transmissionofelectricalenergytoadistance, 45 withtheiradiathermanousinclosures,(desig itmaybe,obviously,otherwiseusefullyap natedM"andM",respectively,)eachtroughplied. Insomeinstances,forexample,it containingasinglecentralhollowconductor, maybedesirabletoinsulateandsupportacon asC andC'. Inthefirstcasetheinsulation W'issupposedtobeice,obtainedbyfreezing So Waterpreferablyfreedofairinordertoex cludetheformationofdangerousbubblesor cavities,whileinthesecondcasethefrozen massW'issomeaqueousorothersubstance ormixturehighlyinsulatingwheninthis condition. Itshouldbestatedthatinmanyinstances itmaybepracticabletodispensewitha troughbyresortingtosimpleexpedientsin theplacingandinsulatingoftheconductors. Infact,forsomepurposesitmaybesuficient tosimplycoverthelaterwithamoistmass, ascementorotherplasticmaterial,whichso longasitiskeptataverylowtemperature andfrozenhardwilaffordadequateinsula tion. ductorinplacesasordinarilydonebymeansofII5 glassorporcelaininsulators. Thismaybe effectedinmanywaysbyconveyingacool ingagenteitherthroughtheconductoror throughanindependentchannelandfreez ingorsolidifyinganykindofsubstance,thus enablingittoservethepurpose. Suchan artificialinsulating-supportisillustratedin Fig.8,inwhicharepresentsavesselfiled withwaterorothersubstanceu,frozenby theagentcirculatingthroughthehollowcon I25 ductorC",whichisthusinsulatedandsup ported. Toimprovetheinsulationonthe top,whereitismostliabletogiveway,a layerofsomesubstance v',asoil,maybe used,andtheconductormaybecoverednear thesupportwithinsulation i,asshown,the sameextendingintotheoilforreasonswell AnothertypicalWayofcarryingoutmyin understood. vention,towhichreferencehasalreadybeen AnothertypicalapplicationofmyinvenPDF Image | Nikola Tesla Method of Insulating Electric Conductors 655838
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