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M Abidat, M K Hamidou, M Hachemi And M Hamel [1] reported that longer and shorter bend lengths reduce the turbine efficiency. The cross section geometry affects greatly the turbine performance as emphasized by Lymberopoulos et al [2]. Up to 1.5 per cent variation in turbine total to total efficiency has been recorded by Barnard and Benson [3]. Theoretically, a sharp edged lip is formed at entrance by the duct wall inlet and the spiral outer wall of the volute casing known as the tongue or cut water. Actually, the tongue is cut back to a blunt edge at a given azimuth angle. The incoming inlet pipe main stream and the re-circulating flow mix out at the trailing edge as over an airfoil, leading to a source of disturbances. The size and the geometry of the tongue have significant effects on the turbine performance as stated by Gu et al [4]. The significant pressure gradient observed around the tongue can be a source of flow distortions, resulting in velocity, pressure and flow angle variations on the rotor periphery. The free vortex law commonly used in the design of turbine volutes is not strictly observed. Pullen [5], in his study found no free vortex flow type nearby the tongue. Chapple et al [1] reported that the non uniform flow created in the volute propagates downstream through the rotor blades channels and produces sometimes damaging vibrations as stated by Ellison and Partridge [6]. Pullen [5] showed in his study that the presence of the rotor and its rotational speed have negligible influence on the volute flow. However, Abidat and Hachemi found in a recent numerical study [7] that the absolute flow angle at rotor inlet is influenced by both the rotational speed and the turbine expansion ratio. A variation of about 2 degrees is observed along the working expansion ration range. In this study, the method used to design the mixed flow turbine volute is presented first. The turbulent flow in the volute is then obtained by solving the 3D averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the finite volume method implemented in the CFX solver. Reasonable agreement between computed results with the present method and experimental data reported by Hara [8] for a radial flow turbine volute is obtained. The flow investigation and the performance assessment of the designed volute without the rotor interaction are the undertaken. These results are also compared with of the volute with the rotor interaction obtained by Abidat and Hachemi [7]. 2 VOLUTE CASING DESIGN Some features of the casing geometry have been defined by the one dimensional design procedure described by Abidat et al [9] and concern the area and the mean radius at the volute inlet as well as the geometry of the vaneless stator upstream of the rotor. The full geometry of the casing is still to be defined, bearing in mind that the flow is assumed to satisfy the free vortex law in the volute. The method used to define the casing geometry is summarised next. The flow entering the rotor is assumed to be uniform and therefore at each scroll section (figure 01), the mass flow qm,ψ with respect to the azimuth angle ψ and the volute inlet mass flow rate qm is given as follows: ψ qm,ψ =qm1.−360 (01a)PDF Image | ANALYSIS OF RADIAL AND MIXED FLOW TURBINE VOLUTES
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