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Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR

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Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR ( automotive-radial-turbine-expander-design-whr )

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25 Reciprocating pistons are complex devices that require the precise timing of the intake and exhaust valves [47]. They also have a large friction loss of approximately80% oftotal losses [118]because of their large interacting surfaces. However, piston expanders usually show lower internal leakage than scroll and screw expanders [117]. This outcome also results in easier design and construction [119]. Like some PDEs, lubrication is required in piston expanders but entails difficulties because the oil should be mixed with the working fluid, which reduces the efficiency of the cycle [120]. Rotary vane expanders, which are often based on the Wankel concept [121], [122], do not require the use of valves [123]. These expandershavea simpler structure and can bemanufactured more easily than other expander concepts [115]. They have low noise vibration and high volumetric expansion ratios [124]. However, their performance is poor at low speed because ofthesignificantinfluence of internal leakage at low speed [125], and they show implementation difficulties [126]. Furthermore, the machine must be lubricated to minimise wear and enhance sealing [47]. 2.3.1.1 Brief History of PDEs in ORC-ICEs a) Scroll Expanders In 1993, Oomori and Ogino [127] conducted an experimental test for a scroll expander with HCFC123 as the working fluid. The engine water jacket of a four-cylinder passenger car was employed as the heat source. With increasing pressure ratio, the results showed that the energy recovery began to drop as the revolution became lower than 800 rpm due to the drop inexpander efficiency. The results also showed that the expander efficiency increased up to approximately 50% at 1000 rpmof expander speed, and then began to drop due to the deterioration of the sealing performance between the rotor and the housing in line with the lowered revolution speed, which resulted in working fluidleakage. In terms of overall performance, the test results showed that approximately 3% of the engine output energy was

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