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32 Figure 2-4presents the isentropic effectiveness of scroll expanders as a function of their pressure ratios based on the investigations achieved by numerous researchers [52], [144]–[147]. Figure 2-4shows that scroll expanders can operate under high pressure ratios with isentropic efficiencies ranging from 40% to 75%. Isentropic efficiency increases with pressure ratio until a certain value and then starts decreasing. Moreover, scroll expanders are suitable choices for applications with low mass flow rates and power outputs. Table 2-1 shows that the mass flow rates inthe selected literature are in the range of 0.02–0.17 Kg/s, while the power outputs are in the range of 0.2–2.5 KW. The rotational speed values that result in acceptable performance are between 700 and4000 rpm. Table 2-1: Summary of ORC Studies with Different Expansion Machines Ref. [148] [149] [14] [150] [151] [152] [153] [147] [146] [52] [144] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [28] [159] [40] [160] [161] [162] [163] [164] [164] [165] Type Pout [KW] Speed [rpm] Radial 25–250 7500–16500 Radial 640–780 8000 Radial 16–27 67660 Radial 5–12 22000 Radial 3–8 20000–60000 Radial 0.54–0.55 35000 MFR [Kg/s] 3–7.4 41.1 1.18–1.82 0.1–1 0.1–0.5 0.058– 0.065 0.274 0.022–0.0245 0.139 0.05–0.095 0.07–0.17 0.07–0.28 N/A 18–66 0.14 0.51 N/A 0.03–0.11 0.01–0.75 N/A 0.1 0–1.5 0.056–0.07 N/A 0.012–0.032 N/A W.F R245fa R134a R134a R134a R245fa R123 R245fa R134a R245fa R123 Water R245fa compressed air R123 compressed air R245fa R123 R245fa Ethanol R245fa Water R123 HMDSO R123 R245fa N/A Radial Scroll Scroll Scroll Scroll Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Screw Piston Piston Piston Piston Piston Vane Vane Vane Vane 6.8–8 30000–207300 0.58–0.64 2.8 0.2–2 0.2–2.5 0–8 10–35 200–560 4.4–5 1–8 2–11 0.25–2 0.2–1.6 0.16–0.32 N/A N/A 0.55–1.075 0.1–0.4 3.9–31 0.8–0.955 2000–3700 N/A 700–4000 3010–3090 400–8000 1600–3200 1250–6000 2200–3000 2000–3300 1000–2600 1000–4000 1000–5000 400–700 N/A 1500 2550–4012 N/A 500–1500 800–1800PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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