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66 3.3.7 Effects of Turbine Efficiency on ORC Performance According to Rahbar et al. [75], turbine isentropic efficiency is considered constant for various types of working fluids. Therefore, the second cycle modelling presented in Figure 3-4 is applied to investigate this consideration. In the second cycle modelling,pressure and heat losses in the components and the connecting pipes are ignored. Arbitrary input conditions are selected as shown in Table 3-3. The input conditions are kept the same for the four screened working fluidsbecause this section emphasises evaluating the assumption of constant turbine efficiency. Table 3-3: Input Conditions for the Second Modelling. Input Parameter 𝑃 01 𝑇 01 MFR N Ψ 𝜑 ∆𝑇 Range Saturated Vapour Pressure at T01 [kPa] 370 [K] 0.05–0.3 [Kg/s] 20,000 [rpm] 0.9 0.2 2 [K] The energy balance equations expressed in Section 3.3 are applied to investigate the effects of different working fluids on ORC system performance. In addition, the effects of static (80%) and dynamic turbine efficiencies on cycle performance are explored. As depicted in Figure 3-7, a significant deviation in the cycle efficiency from one fluid to anotheroccurs. In both cases (constant and dynamic turbine efficiencies), R1233zde showed the best cycle performance at 11.09%, whereas R123 showed the lowest efficiency at 6.77%. Figure 3-7 also shows a substantial variation between the cycle thermal efficiencies of the models of constant and dynamic turbine efficiencies. A maximum deviation of 5.8% is produced for R1233zde, while a minimum deviation of4% is produced for NOVEC649. These significant differences are due to the high-pressure ratio and low mass flow rates through the turbine, which drastically reduces its efficiency.PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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