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123 5.4 Design Feasibility Generally, the feasibility of conventional radial-inflow turbines is checked by performing intensive CFD and FEA analyses after creating the 3D models. However, feasibility should be checked at the early stage of the design (i.e. at the preliminary design stage) to save time and resources. To do so, a wide research has been performed to collect the constraints reported in the open literature, including geometrical, flow, thermodynamic and structural constraints. These constraints are implemented in the design code to check the feasibility simultaneously. 5.4.1 Geometrical Constraints This section mainly aims to ensure that the turbine can be manufactured. For easy manufacturing process, the rotor inlet radius 𝑟4 and the inlet blade height 𝑏4 must not fall below 10 mm and 2 mm, respectively [75]. To prevent excessive tip curvature, the radius ratio 𝑟5,𝑡𝑖𝑝 should not exceed 0.78 [246]. 𝑟4 However, Rohlik[237], andRodgers and Geiser[239] recommended that hub, thereby limiting the available exit area. Therefore, a practical limit to the hub radius is proposed, as shown in equation (5-66). 𝑍𝑟 𝑡5 (5-66) 2𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽5 Lastly, the blade angle at the rotor leading edge 𝛽4,𝑏 should not exceed 70° to avoid manufacturing issues [75]. 5.4.2 Flow Constraints To achieve better flow guidance and easy manufacturability, some flow constraints are implemented in the model. To achieve a reasonable rotor blade number, the absolute flow angle at rotor inlet is set to less than 80°. 𝑟5,𝑡𝑖𝑝 𝑟4 should not exceed 0.7. Whitfield and Baines[233] stated that an excessively small radius ratio 𝑟5 will result in crowded blades at the exit 𝑟> 5 𝑟4PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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