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Paper ID: ETC2017-039 Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid dynamics & Thermodynamics ETC12, April 3-7, 2017; Stockholm, Sweden LOSS GENERATION IN RADIAL OUTFLOW STEAM TURBINE CASCADES A. Gro ̈nman - A. Uusitalo - J. Backman Larjola Laboratory of Turbomachinery, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland, gronman@lut.fi ABSTRACT Small high-speed technology based radial outflow steam turbines are characterised by ultra-low aspect ratios, which can lead to rapidly growing secondary losses. The prelimi- nary evaluation of turbine performance is usually based on axial turbine loss predictions, which can be a source of error. The main objectives of this work are to find out how the losses are generated in radial outflow turbines when the aspect ratio is markedly below unity and how accurately axial turbine loss models can predict the trends. To achieve these objectives, a radial outflow turbine cascade having a blade shape and aspect ratios comparable with a prototype machine is examined. As a result of the study, it is suggested that for the examined radial outflow cascade the axial turbine loss correlations can predict the trends reasonably well. The rapidly increasing secondary losses are connected to the merging of secondary structures and also incidence at off-design. KEYWORDS RADIAL OUTFLOW TURBINE, LOSSES, INCIDENCE NOMENCLATURE Latin alphabet C chord length [m] CR convergence ratio, cos(α1 )/cos(α2 ) [-] Ft tangential loading parameter [-] h blade height [m] δ∗ boundary layer displacement thickness [m] p static pressure pt total pressure R gas constant r grid refinement factor s blade pitch Y loss coefficient y+ non-dimensional wall distance Zte separation line height AR aspect ratio, h/c Greek alphabet α absolute flow angle from radial direction OPENACCESS Downloaded from www.euroturbo.eu [Pa] [Pa] [J/kgK] [-] [m] [-] [-] [m] [-] [◦ ] 1 2 ave m mid prim sec x cascade inlet cascade outlet average mean midspan primary secondary axial 1 Copyright⃝c bytheAuthors Γ stagger angle from radial direction γ ratio of specific heat constants ω total pressure loss coefficient, 1 − pt2 /pt1 Abbreviations ORC organic Rankine cycle ROT radial outflow turbine Subscripts [◦ ] [-] [-]PDF Image | LOSS GENERATION IN RADIAL OUTFLOW STEAM TURBINE CASCADES
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