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2.2. INTERNAL PULSATILE FLOW 5 Figure 2.2. The swirl at the outlet of a double bent pipe. swirling motion at the outlet of the second bend is not an effect of the Dean vortices from the first bend; it is an effect of the non-uniform axial velocity distribution in radial direction at the inlet to second bend. If a non-uniform radial velocity distribution, with the maximal value rotated 90◦ with respect to the inner radius of the bend, is applied to the inlet to a single bend, the secondary flow consist of one vortex at the outlet of the bend. When the flow with high velocity and momentum enters the bend it is linked by the curvature to the region where the momentum is lower which induces a swirling motion. Since very few articles where found for this geometry, a numerical investigation of the pulsatile flow in a double bent pipe was performed, and the results are discussed in Chapter 5. 2.2. Internal pulsatile flow An oscillating flow, which is a special type of pulsatile flow, only consists of the time varying component, and hence the periodically time-averaged velocity is zero. Pulsatile flow is defined here as a flow that is composed of a steady com- ponent with a superimposed periodically varying temporal component. The behaviour of oscillating or pulsatile flow depends on the balance between the viscous effect and the acceleration of the fluid. The relative importance of the acceleration term relative to the viscous term in the momentum equation can be expressed by the Womersley number, defined as:PDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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