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Radial Turbine Expander Design for Organic Rankine Cycle, Waste Heat Recovery in High Efficiency, Off-Highway Vehicles Fuhaid Alshammari1, A.Karvountzis-Kontakiotis1, and A.Pesiridis1* 1. Brunel University London, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, Centre of Advanced Powertrain and Fuels (CAPF) * Corresponding author: apostolos.pesiridis@brunel.ac.uk Abstract: Although state-of-the-art, heavy duty diesel engines of today can reach peak thermal efficiencies of approximately 45%, still most of the fuel energy is transformed into wasted heat in the internal combustion process. Recovering this wasted energy could increase the overall thermal efficiency of the engine as well as reduce the exhaust gas emissions. Compared to other Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) technologies, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems are regarded favourably due to their relative simplicity and small back pressure impact on engine performance and fuel consumption. The key elements affecting the efficiency of the ORC system are the type of working fluid selected and the design of the expander. In this simulation study, a zero- dimensional, design code has been developed to explore the impact of two, common, refrigerant working fluids on the design of a radial turbine expander. In addition, an off-design turbine analysis has been applied in order to evaluate the performance of the expander in the ORC cycle at various engine operating points. Moreover, the evaluation of ORC-diesel engine on improving fuel consumption, brake power, brake torque and exhaust gas emissions is investigated. Compared to a conventional diesel powertrain system, WHR showed an up to 5.7 % increase in brake torque and brake power and a 5.4% reduction in the brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc). The results also showed that the working fluid selection and the expander speed are critical parameters on the performance of the proposed hybrid powertrain configuration. Keywords— diesel engines, organic Rankine cycle, radial turbine design, waste heat recovery. 1. Introduction The transportation sector is responsible for one third of the world CO2 emissions and approximately 15% of overall greenhouse gas emissions[1]. With respect to internal combustion engine (ICE) technology, heavy duty diesel engines in off-highway vehicles (OHV) are receiving increasing levels of attention, recently. According to [2], UK total sales on off-road construction equipment increased by 33% since 2013, making UK the largest producer of off-road construction equipment in EU. In the EU, emissions from off-road vehicles in the construction 1PDF Image | Off Hwy Vehicle Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR ORC
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