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An in-house MATLAB code has been developed for the thermodynamic modelling and optimization of the ORC system. The code utilizes CoolProp v5 to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the organic fluid at liquid and gaseous conditions. In this version of the ORC model, the system is optimized to operate at steady state conditions, while the heat exchanger is assumed ideal. In addition, for simplicity, the heat and pressure losses in the connecting pipes are neglected. The heat input from the exhaust gas is given by equations (1) and (2). The number indexes are schematically described in the right section of Figure 1. (1) Q i n m W F h 5 h 2 Q m Cp T T exh exh air exh,in exh,out (2) T 200o C exh,out (3) The working fluid mass flow (mWF ), the ORC peak pressure (which controls the superheating percentage) and the exhaust temperature were optimized by the in-house thermodynamic ORC code, using as objective function the cycle thermodynamic efficiency that fulfils the constraints (equation 3). Regarding the rejected heat, it is assumed ideally that the exit temperature of the organic fluid is equal to 320K and it is described by equation (4). (4) Qout mWF h6 h8 The consumed power by the pump is determined by equation (5). The pump efficiency was assumed constant in this study and equal to 0.65, and was considered as a realistic value to reduce the impact on the total ORC thermal efficiency calculation. P P (5) W p u m p m W F 2 1 1 pump The efficiency of the expander is given by the expander model through an interpolation and extrapolation module, as expander efficiency varies at different expander rotational speeds, pressure ratios and mass flow rates. Then the ORC model calculates the power produced by the expander through equation (6). The net electric power produced by the ORC is given by equation (7). The efficiency of the generator was assumed constant and equal to 0.92, while the mechanical losses are negligible, as the transmission ratio is 1:1 there are no gears between the expander and the generator. (6) Wexpander mWF h5 h6,isexpander (7) Wnet Wexpander Wpump Finally, the overall ORC efficiency is given by: 5PDF Image | Off Hwy Vehicle Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR ORC
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