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optimum ORC parameters regarding the organic fluid mass flow and the pressure ratio by assuming an isentropic efficiency for the expander equal to 0.8. Then, the operating conditions of the expander were further optimized; these are the flow coefficient, the loading coefficient, the expander rotational speed and some basic geometric parameters described in Table 2. The optimization of the expander returns the real isentropic total to static efficiency which was fed to the ORC thermodynamic model to calculate the new ORC thermal efficiency. After a few iterations, the two models converge and the final values are calculated. Table 5: Expander optimized geometry calculated from the expander design code for the design point Parameter Units R245fa R123 Specific speed, Ns Total to Static Efficiency Turbine power output [-] 0.486 0.625 [-] 0.758 0.753 [kW] 17.68 18.6 [mm] 105 94 [mm] 81 72 [mm] 77 69 [mm] 38 37 [mm] 60.6 59 [mm] 15.4 14 [mm] 3.8 3 [mm] 22.6 23 Diameter d2 Diameter d3 Diameter d4 Diameter d5 Diameter d{5,tip} Diameter d{5,hub} Blade Height b4 Blade Height b5 Number of rotor blades Reaction [-] 0.41 0.512 [-] 16 14 The optimized expander geometry and its performance are described in Table 5. The results show that both examined fluids present almost the same total-to-static isentropic efficiency, but R123 presents approximately 1kW higher expander power output and an almost 10% more compact expander size. In fact, the two tested R245fa and R123 organic fluids are considered as dry fluids which are favourable to avoid fluid droplets at the turbine blades as these droplets may result in corroded blades. According to Wang et al [19], R123 shows better thermodynamic performance, which is also validated in this study. In terms of ORC thermal efficiency, R123 presents 0.7% higher thermal efficiency compared to R245fa. On the other hand, in many studies [20, 21] is suggested that R245fa is also promising fluid because of its environmental friendly and economic characteristics. 9PDF Image | Off Hwy Vehicle Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR ORC
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