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8 Advances in Mechanical Engineering Figure 11. Effect of inlet temperature on turbine efficiency and system efficiency. Figure 12. Effect of turbine speed on turbine temperature drop and output power. different flow rates, it is observed that the turbine effi- ciency first decreases and then increases with increasing inlet temperature and finally remains unchanged or decreases slightly. The inflection point of the turbine efficiency appears near the inlet temperature of 100°C– 105°C; within this temperature range, a smaller flow rate leads to a higher turbine efficiency. Based on an analysis of the inflection point, the turbine efficiency decreases owing to the increase in the enthalpy of unit working fluid R245fa and the small increase in power output in the early stage. In the later stages, the effi- ciency increases because the temperature becomes simi- lar to that of the design condition. Owing to the thermophysical properties of R245fa and the design conditions of the turbine, the turbine efficiency remains unchanged or decreases slightly after the inlet tempera- ture exceeds 120°C, and a maximum turbine efficiency of 88.4% is achieved. The system efficiency increases with increasing inlet temperature. Before the inlet tem- perature of 110°C, the efficiency increases rapidly and then stabilises above 14.2%. A maximum system effi- ciency of 15.4% is attained. Because the irreversible Figure 13. Effect of turbine speed on turbine efficiency and system efficiency. loss during the evaporation and condensation processes in the heat exchanger decreases with the increase in temperature, increasing the exergy efficiency of the eva- porator leads to an increase in the enthalpy of the fluid entering the turbine. Comparing the three system effi- ciency curves under different flow rates, it can be seen that the system efficiency increases as the flow rate becomes similar to that of the design condition. Influence of rotational speed The radial turbine is a high-speed impeller machine with a designed maximum rotational speed of 30,000 r/ min. A change in the rotational speed considerably affects the output power and efficiency of the turbine, consequently affecting the performance of the power generation system. The inlet temperature of the turbine is 120°C, and the outlet pressure is 0.174MPa. Upon increasing the flow rate of the working fluid pump from 0.615 to 0.82 m3/s, the turbine rotational speed changes from 12,000 to 28,000 r/min. The temperature drop and the variation in the output power of the turbine are shown in Figure 12. With the increase in R245fa flow rate, the turbine rotational speed increases from 12,000 to 28,000 r/min, and the temperature drop and output power of the tur- bine also increase. When the flow rate is 0.82 m3/s, the turbine speed increases to 28,000 r/min; the temperature drop reaches the maximum value of 32.7°C and the out- put power reaches the maximum value of 17.37kW. With the increase in rotational speed, the turbine can convert more thermal energy into mechanical energy. The increase in rotational speed makes the expansion process more similar to the design condition, thereby reducing various losses. The influence of turbine speed on the turbine effi- ciency and system efficiency are shown in Figure 13. The turbine and system efficiencies increase with anPDF Image | ORC analysis of radial inflow turbine and R245fa
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