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Figure 8: Internal combustion wave disc during the channel filling process. For example, after closing the channel from both sides, rich mixture could be trapped in the middle of the channel and ignites while at the channel ends lean mixture or air present. This can keep the channel ends cool, provides sealing and prevents dangerous mixture leakage. The combustion process starts in the central part of the channel, where the fuel/air mixture is rich and flame propagates to inner and outer end of the cell. Since heat release increases pressure inside the channel, opening the outer channel end generates an outflow of the exhaust gases. For curved channels, torque is given to the disc during the flow scavenging. This can be used for self-driven rotation or if large enough for external work extraction through a shaft or a generator. The outflow of the burned gases can induce an inflow of air and air-fuel mixture into the channels, refilling and cooling the cell before the cycle starts again. Additionally, this cycle can be self- aspirating without need for an external turbomachinery if the combustion is a detonation like in a pulse detonation engine. This way the internal combustion wave disc can be also considered as an attractive propulsion system and may be used as a simple jet engine even without expensive turbomachinery. Such a propulsion device would have a small and most important a flat frontal area. Condensing Radial Wave Rotor The radial principle offers great potential and advantages for the condensing wave rotor. It allows exploiting the enormous density differences of gaseous and liquid fluid by the action of centrifugal forces. This supports greatly the separation of vapor and condensed fluid in the scavenging process and channel drying before refilling, addressing a core problem in handling the phase change in the wave rotor occurring in both direction. STACKED WAVE DISCS The wave disc described above can also be stacked together as shown in the upper part of Fig 5. This way a modular construction is possible that can be adapted for designs with different mass flow rates. Furthermore, analogoud to the known two-row axial Comprex, the channels are subdivided, which can allow for acoustic noise reduction. Such a wave disc Figure 9: Multi-disc internal combustion wave rotor stack can be used in the same way as a single disc wave rotor shown in Fig. 7, with the additional advantage that some discs may be shut off easily by closing their ports. This can make it easy to adapt for various flow rates in one application while widely pertaining the same wave pattern inside the active wave discs. Such a pressure exchange wave disc stack can be used for applications like refrigeration, gas turbine topping and supercharging of IC engines. The stacking discs configuration can also be used for internal combustion wave rotor designs. Figure 9 shows how additionally an adaptation to a load can be obtained by simply switching on and off parts of the stack. On the other hand, for a quarter of power only one disc is fuelled, for half of the power two discs, and so on. On-combustion channels can transfer hot gases from one disc to the neighbouring disc, initiating ignition there if this disc is fuelled too. Alternatively, a laser beam can be sent through the holes between the discs initiating ignition in fuelled discs, which then do not need to be adjacent to each other. Instead of shutting off and on the fuel supply to discs, the fuel injector can be also electronically controlled for fuel mixture stratification and smooth load control within the range limited by the oxidiser presence in each disc. Stacked wave discs also provide the unique opportunity to place a radial-flow turbomachinery at the periphery of the axis of the wave disc stack with an angle such that the turbomachine impeller periphery interfaces all active discs of the stack. This way a peripheral continuous outflow from turbomachine impeller and inflow to the disks is possible without any additional ducting, collector, volute, diffuser or nozzle between the turbomachine impeller and the wave rotor. Ducting losses are eliminated, resulting in a higher efficiency of the assembly. Figure 10 shows a configuration in which a radial compressor is placed inside a wave disc stack. Only the inner plate is placed between the impeller and the inner wave rotor. Due to the angle between the axes of the impeller and wave rotor, the end plate between both can be spherical for minimum thickness (ducting length). This also allows switching on and off outer discs by varying the angle between impeller and wave rotor 6 Copyright © 2004 by ASMEPDF Image | RADIAL-FLOW WAVE ROTOR CONCEPTS, UNCONVENTIONAL DESIGNS
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