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Figure 10: Stacked radial wave discs and radial compressor axis. The port opening can be a continuous oblique slot that interfaces with the impeller periphery. Since the end plates are stationary, they can form one part with the housing of the turbo impeller as clearly shown in Fig. 10 for the outer impeller shroud and axial duct. The shape at the outer diameter of the wave rotor stack is generated by the shape at the inner diameter, the channel length, inclination and timing of each disc. Still if the outer shape is similar to the inner shape of the wave disc stack, the timing on each disc is different and is determined by the circumferential distance from one port to the other at the inner diameter, as shown schematically in Fig. 10. In gas turbine application preferably the turbo- compressor impeller is placed inside the wave rotor. Such a design eliminates the need for a diffuser which has been replaced by a more effective shock deceleration process [1, 2] in the wave disc channels. Using an outwards-flow turbine, the turbine could be placed at the outer diameter with its axis also set at an angle to the wave rotor axis but rotating around the wave rotor axis with respect to the compressor axis, allowing a certain time between opening the channels at the inner and outer diameters. Such a configuration might be too challenging and would require separate shafts for compressor and turbine. To avoid a gear box, their coupling could be achieved electrically with generator and motor. Figure 11 shows a simpler configuration with a direct shaft coupling compressor and turbine as in a gas turbine. This requires a flow collector from the wave rotor outer end plate and certain ducting that directs the flow to the turbine as shown in Fig. 12. Figure 13 shows an exploded view of such a configuration. The outer end plate is shown with an oblique slot as it would also be suitable for a peripherical outer radial outflow turbine. However, for an external turbine like shown here the slot of the outer end plate can have any form that will adapt most consistently to the outlet opening time. In Fig. 11, 12, 13 a turbine volute is used to distribute the flow around the turbine. The exhaust gas leaves the turbine axially. The configurations shown in Fig. 11, 12, 13 work best with an internal combustion wave rotor that allows for outward flow only in the wave rotor. If a conventional external combustor is used, than an additional port opening is necessary for the burned gases leaving the combustor and the high pressure air entering the combustor. External ducting may be Figure 11: Cut-view of a radial wave rotor topping a gas turbine Fresh air Burned gases Fresh air intake Intake wave rotor port/plate Internal combustion radial wave rotor Compressor Driving shaft Turbine volute Turbine 7 Copyright © 2004 by ASME Figure 12: Flow through an internal combustion radial wave rotor eliminated by having combustion in the pressure exchange channels. Diamond shaped cross sections may allow for more space between the channels and also a more rapid opening and closing of the channels by an oblique port slot as shown schematically in the upper part of Fig. 14. This avoids flow barriers at the corners of the channels as they appear with rectangular shapes and an oblique slot as shown in the lower part of Fig. 14. Finally, the configuration of stacked wave disc with an internal turbo-compressor appears also very attractive for a condensing wave rotor in refrigeration or heat pump applications. Expanded gases exhaust Expanded burned gasesPDF Image | RADIAL-FLOW WAVE ROTOR CONCEPTS, UNCONVENTIONAL DESIGNS
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