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30 20 10 00 20 40 60 Blade turning = |β4b-β6b| [°] (a) 3 Figure 3: (a) Maximum and average blade twist, (b) efficiency and manufacturability indicator as a function of the blade turning for the air and Novec 649 turbines value of the manufacturability indicator. 4. CONCLUSIONS This paper presented an approach to perform the preliminary design of radial-inflow turbines consider- ing at the same time turbine performance and manufacturability aspects. The preliminary design method couples a mean-line model, for the estimation of the turbine performance, to a three-dimensional tool, for the generation of a preliminary turbine geometry. A multi-disciplinary optimization was then per- formed using the combined model by simultaneously maximizing the turbine total-to-static efficiency and minimizing the manufacturability indicator. The method was applied to the preliminary design of two turbine test cases: a high-pressure ratio air turbine and a turbine for an Organic Rankine cycle system using the fluid Novec 649. The results of the two Pareto front solutions highlight a trade-off between the turbine total-to-static efficiency and the manufacturability indicator. The results indicate that the turbine manufacturability can be improved by up to approximately 65 % at the expenses of a reduction in the turbine efficiency by up to 14.3 %-points. The designs in the Pareto front region close to the maximum turbine efficiency could also be considered to develop turbine solutions with similar values of efficiency but improved manufacturability indicator by up to 14-15 %. The evolution of the design points in the Pareto front is linked to the change of the blade turning angle, which in turn affects the work extraction and the blade twist. This results in a change of the values of efficiency and manufacturability indicator The method and results presented in this work constitute the first step towards the development of cost- competitive radial-inflow turbine for ORC power systems. Future work includes to extend the method presented in this paper by adding considerations related the manufacturing time, enabling to reveal the trade-off between the performance and investment cost of the expander. C0 = D Iman L m ̇ O p √ 2(h01 − h6,is) NOMENCLATURE spouting velocity distance manufacturability indicator blade length in span-wise mass flow rate (m/s) (m) (-) (m) (kg/s) (-) 0.85 2.5 0.8 2 0.75 1.5 1 0.70 20 40 60 Blade turning = |β4b-β6b| [°] (b) Paper ID: 57, Page 6 τmax - Air τav - Air τmax - Novec 649 τav - Novec 649 ηts - Air ηts - Novec 649 Iman - Air Iman - Novec 649 overhang indicator pressure (P a) 5th International Seminar on ORC Power Systems, September 9-11, 2019, Athens, Greece τ [°] ηts [–] Iman [–]PDF Image | RADIAL-INFLOW TURBINES FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE POWER
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