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Z factor for converting from stage efficiency to overall turbine efficiency was selected based on the total number of stages. In analyzing the reheated cycles, it was found that the use of reheat alone will generelly effect a decrease in cycle per- formance. Forthelowerinlettemperaturecyclesunderconsidera- tion, reheating will change the expansion from partially wet to dry. Thustheturbineefficiencyisincreasedthroughelimination ofthemoisturepenalty. However,adecreaseinturbineperfor- mance is simLltaneously caused because of the lower Reynolds number from the smaller volumetric flow rate at the turbine exit. The efficiency loss being primarily due to an increase of the relativeleakageflowintheturbine. Thenetresultofthesetwo opposing effects was found to be reduction in turbine performance. For reheated cycles at the upper end of the temperature range, the turbine exhaust after the second expansion contains a signifi- cantamountofresidualusefulenergy. Inthesecases,aregen- erator can be used to recover this energy and utilize it for liquidpreheating. Aminimumtemperaturedifferentialof50°F was specified for the regenerator. In Figure 23, the change in cycle performance relative to thebasicengineisshown. Thisdataisfora1000KWturbine output with a llO°F condensing temperature and a turbine exhaust regeneratorwhereapplicable. Fromthegraph,thefollowing conclusions can be drawn: 1. Reheating permits the use of lower temperature cycles without exceeding the 85 percent exit quality limit. For example: INLET P R E R .-(PSIAT 400 1000 2000 MINIMUM* INLET TEMPERATURE (OF) *Based on turbine moisture limitations. BASIC CYCLE 680 800 1060 REHEAT CYCLE -0 500 700 2. Reheating at higher inlet temperatures (above 1000OF) can improve Rankine cycle efficiency up to 12 percent. EFFECY OF FEEDWATER HEATING Another modification that can be made to the basic engine is the addition of feedwater heaters for preheating of the boiler inlet fluid. Feedwater heating is shown schematically on a T-S diagraminFigure24. Aportionofthesteamflowexpanding throughtheturbineisextractedbetweenstages. Thissteamis fed to a heat exchanger where it is condensed and subcooled, and finally mixed with the condenser inlet flow. The heat from the condensing steam is transferred to the fluid exiting the conde-ser. 14PDF Image | Radial Outflow Turbine for Solar Steam Rankine Engines
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