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Multiple extractions can be used depending upon the turbine geom- etry. Feedwaterheatingisalmostuniversallyusedinlargesteam powerplantstoimprovecycleefficiency. Thetechniquehasnot been largely applied to steam engines in the power range of this study due to the fact that commercially available turbomachinery in this power range generally has not been designed to accommodate the extraction ports required. ETI's ROF turbine is readily adaptable to the addition of steamextractionports. Individualturbinestagebladeheights can be altered to account for t h e change in mass flow without drasticallychangingthedesign. Thisisnotas.easilyaccom- plishedinanaxialflowturbine. Thepressuresatwhichsteam is available for extraction, however, are restricted by the tur- bine's configuration, which is dictated by the individual stage pressureratios. Forthepurposeofthisstudy,aroughturbine design was worked out for a turbine with a 2,000 psia inlet pressure and a 1.275 psia exhaust pressure. Pour potential extraction ports were identified at these pressures: 4008 110, 3 0 , and 7.5 psia. A schematic drawing for a steam Rankine engine with four feedwater heaters is shown in Figure 25. A sample calculation for a steam cycle with feedwater heat- ingisshowninFigure26. Theenthalpyattheturbineextraction points was determined by using a Mollier Chart. A first trial expansion line was laid out using the specified inlet conditions and exhaust pressure, and an estimated overall turbine efficiency. This process was reiterated until the computed turbine efficiency, includipg the feedwater extraction flows, matched the estimate within-0.25percent. Theenthalpiesattheintersectionofthe appropriateextractionpressurelinesweredetermined. Thisis showninFigure27. Theextractedsteamwascondensedatthe extraction pressure and subcooled to within 2 0 e F of the satura- tiontemperatureofthesucceedingextraction. Thesubcooled liquid was then mixed with that of the succeeding extraction and subcooledagain. Thisprocesswascontinueduntilthemixed extraction flows had been subcooled to within 20°F of the condens- ing temperature: then they are mixed with the condenser inlet flow. On the liquid side of the feedwater heaters, the flow is assumed tobeatturbineinletpressure. Noallowanceforpressuredrop in the feedwater heaters, boiler, or superheater was accounted for. In each feedwater heater, the liquid was heated to within 20°F or the temperature of the condensing steam on the vapor side of the heat exchanger. The mass flow extracted at each port was calculated from this formula: me = hl - h2 mi h3 -h4 The enthalpy values for the above equation are defined as follows: 15PDF Image | Radial Outflow Turbine for Solar Steam Rankine Engines
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