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hl = h2 = h3 = h4 = enthalpy of temperature enthalpy of temperature heater exit enthalry of liquid at feedwater heater exit at = Te - 20°F liquid at feedwater heater inlet at = condenser exit or preceding feedwater vapor at turbine extraction port enthalpy of liquid at exit of vapor side of feedwater heater at temperature = condensing temperature of succeeding feedwater heater or condenser + 20°F. Once the extraction flows were determined, the turbine mass flows werecomputedforeachportionoftheexpansion. Withthesemass flowsandtheenthalpiesfromtheMollierChart(Figure27), the turbine work output was computed. The effect on basic cycle efficiency from the addition of feedwater heating is shown in Figure 28. For this analysis, a power output of 1000 KW and a condenser temperature of llO°F wereselected. Theresultsplottedshowtheeffectofusingone or more of the available extraction ports (discussed earlier) for the full study range of turbine inlet temperature and pressure conditions. As can be seen, the relative value of using an additionalfeedwaterheatersteadilydecreases. However,even the last feedwater heater produces almost a 3 percent improve- mentincycleefficiency. Thecostsavingsfromthereduction in size of the solar receiver should more than offset the cost of even the fourth feedwater heater. A note should also be made of the fact that turbine efficiency decreased by 1 to 5 percent for thecyclesanalyzed. Theturbineefficiencywascomputedfrom the last stage efficiency which is based upon a low mass flow rate. Thisisconservativebecausetheaveragemassflowinthe turbine is about 20 percent higher than at the last stage exit. MINIMIZING CONFIGURATIONS OVER POWER RANGE From a commercialization viewpoint, a study was conducted to determine the number of basic radial outflow turbine designs that i,-uldbe required to cover the power range between 100 KW and 5MW. T:..e number of designs required depends upon the performance varia- tion specified for each individual design. In a fixed geometry turbine with a fixed set of Rankine cycle qarameters, shaft speed should be held constant while varying power outputtomaintaingoodperformance. Thisisbecauseinamulti- stage design, the individual stages should remain matched by holding the inletlexit velocity triangles constant. For a sample case chosen, the analysis was begun with a 5 MW turbinedesign. Holdingtheshaftspeedconstant,theturbine blade heights (and thus power output) were reduced until the tur- bineefficiencyhaddecreasedby3percentagepoints. Turbine 16PDF Image | Radial Outflow Turbine for Solar Steam Rankine Engines
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