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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review Table 2-2 Comparison of various ORC expanders Type Scroll expander Screw expander Reciprocating piston expander Rotary vane expander Radial inflow turbine Capacity range Rotational (kWE) speed 1-10 <6000 15-200 <6000 20-100 - 1-10 <6000 <500 8000-65000 Advantages 1. Light weight 2. Low rotational speed 3. No inlet and exhaust valves which reduce noise 1. Tolerate two-phase flow 2. Low rotational speed 1. Tolerate two-phase flow 2. Higher pressure ratio compared to other volumetric expanders 3. Mature manufacturability 1. Tolerate two-phase flow 2. Stable torque 3. Simple structure 1. High efficiency 2. Light weight 3. Compact layout 4. Mature manufacturability 5. High power to weight ratio 6. Small number of moving parts 7. Stability Drawbacks 1. Low power capacity 2. Significant lubrication to operate without wear 3. Most kinetically complex geometry compared to other volumetric expanders 4. Under and over expansion losses if there is mismatch between ORC and expander nominal volume ratios 5. Friction, suction and internal leakage losses 1. Lubrication requirement 2. Difficult manufacturing with tight tolerances 3. Critical sealing requirements 4. High cost 5. Limited internal built-in volume ratio due to length of rotor 6. Swept volume limited by the maximum rotor diameter 1. Large number of moving parts with high friction and wearing 2. Heavy weight 3. Torque impulse 4. Requires precise timing for inlet and exhaust valves 5. Critical balancing requirements 1. Lubrication requirement 2. Low capacity 3. Critical sealing requirements to prevent leakage 1. High rotational speed 2. High Mach number (possibility of local choking) 50 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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