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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review Based on the literature review discussed in section 2.7, comparison of various expanders used in the ORC system is summarized in Table 2-2 including their nominal power range, rotational speed, advantages and drawbacks. Except for the higher rotational speed of the RIT, it has superior advantages compared to the other volumetric expanders in terms of efficiency, compactness and simplicity and can be a promising expander for small-scale ORC systems. Moreover, summary of laboratory-scale experimental research that investigated the performance of various expanders with the ORC is presented in Table 2-3. The selected organic working fluid, tested operating conditions and the best achieved performance in terms of the expander isentropic efficiency, cycle thermal efficiency and power output are shown in this table. It is clear that, majority of the experimental studies are conducted using the volumetric expanders especially scroll expander with isentropic efficiency in the range of 60% to 70%, power capacity of about 2kW and expansion ratios of less than 5. However, RIT showed better performances with turbine isentropic efficiency in the range of 65% to 85%, power capacity in the range of 1.5 to 30kW and expansion ratios of up to 7. In the power range of less than 1kWE, scroll expanders are probably the best choice, though, for the power capacity of between 1 to 5kWE, RIT shows competing performance in terms of efficiency and has great potential as a candidate expander. Therefore, there is a need for extensive research on the efficient development of such turbines to further improve the performance of small-scale ORC in the power range of up to 5kWE. 49 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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