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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review separately and the operating conditions were used for designing the RIT. Modelling results showed that the maximum turbine efficiency of 75% was achieved at the turbine inlet temperature and pressure of 80°C and 7.32bar respectively. The reported rotor inlet diameter, rotational speed and expansion ratio were 125mm, 20000rpm and 4.11 respectively. The three- dimensional geometry of the turbine was designed based on the geometrical similarity with a compressed air turbine and built in-house. The experimental results of the designed RIT and ORC system showed maximum cycle and turbine efficiencies of 5.55% and 78.7% respectively with the maximum power of 32.7kWE. Clemente et al. (2013) carried out preliminary design of RIT’s stator and rotor for a bottoming ORC system operating with R245fa, isopentane and isobutane working fluids. The turbine thermodynamic design parameters were achieved from a separate cycle analysis and then used in the RIT design procedure. The maximum power of 26.3 kWE with turbine isentropic efficiency of 77% was achieved by isopentane at the turbine inlet temperature and pressure of 180°C and 30.2bar respectively. The reported rotor inlet diameter, rotational speed and expansion ratio for isopentane were 65.8mm, 70000rpm and 19.95 respectively. Wong et al. (2013) investigated the re-design and retrofit of an off-the-shelf RIT from turbocharger of a small petrol-driven vehicle for use as the expander in a 1kWE ORC system. The turbine was selected based on the properties of R245fa working fluid operating at 97°C and 17 bars respectively and with the specific speed of 0.6. One-dimensional modelling of the selected turbine was conducted in order to investigate its off-design performance at various rotational speed, mass flow rate and expansion ratios with the maximum turbine efficiency of 77%. The selected turbine was tested with compressed air at room temperature to evaluate the leakage and lubrication requirements and identify the necessary modifications to the selected turbocharger turbine in terms of seals, casing and bearings. 48 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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