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Spadacini, et al. As the molecular weight is directly related to the specific heat, and being the latter directly related to the enthalpy drop, so then higher molecular weight means lower en- thalpy drop thus lower difference in temperature along the expansion. Moreover the pressure ratios and volumetric flows are limited by the lower critical pressure. [3] The high molecular weight of organic fluids made it possible to rethink the radial outflow turbine technology and develop a product which has several valuable advan- tages when compared to traditional ORC turbine technologies. The ra- dial outflow turbine have a simple design, operates at low pressure and do not require partial admission. The radial outflow turbine for the geothermal application, dem- onstrates the following advantages when compared with the traditional organic turbines (axial flow or radial inflow) : Figure 3. Process flow diagram of the Bagnore binary power plant. • higher number of stages than axial machines, which are usually limited to 3 stages; • higher possible volumetric flow ratio due to the cross sec- tion change across the radius; • lower vibrations due to the single-disk configuration; • simpler construction technology The 1 MW Bagnore Power Plant The Bagnore plant is shown in figure 2, where the principal components are highlighted. As shown in the process flow diagram (figure 3), the Bagnore ORC binary geothermal power plant is exploiting steam at 150 °C (see table 1), with a saturated single pressure level cycle and is water cooled. A recuperator was not installed due to the low amount of energy recoverable after the expansion of the organic fluid Pentane. Working in the above conditions, a comparison between the expected design efficiency of an axial turbine and a radial outflow turbine have been performed. The results are presented below, in table 3. In table 1 are presented the main thermodynamic parameters, affecting the turbine design, for the optimized working cycle. Table 1. Principal parameters affecting the turbine design for the Bagnore ORC binary power plant. Parameter Turbine inlet vapor quality Mass flow Inlet temperature Inlet pressure Discharge static pressure Isoentropic enthalpy head Volumetric expansion ratio Pressure expansion ratio Unit of measure Value - 1.00 [kg/s] 18.6 [°C] 115.6 [bar a] 8.0 [bar a] 1.1 [kJ/kg] 75.4 - 7.7 - 7.27 The main mechanical parameters of the optimized axial and a radial outflow turbines are presented in table 2. Table 2. Main mechanical parameters of the optimized axial and radial outflow turbines. Parameter Rotational speed Number of stages Shaft length Disks diameter Blade height Unit of measure [rpm] - [mm] [mm] [mm] Axial turbine 3000 2 940 886 and 910 Radial outflow turbine 3000 4 800 740 Figure 2. Bagnore geothermal binary power plant. min 13; max 44 min 36; max 54 756PDF Image | The Geothermal Radial Outflow Turbine
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