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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT various candidate turbines namely: axial, radial-inflow and radial-outflow turbines, in single and two stage configurations. The developed mean-line design, 3D CFD analysis and ORC system modelling were integrated to achieve an accurate prediction for different working fluids and operating conditions, for small-scale ORC turbines and low-power applications (i.e. <20 kW). The difference between the current research and the previous research (Al Jubori et al., 2016) and other literature mentioned-above, the new performance maps are presented in the current work for five turbine configurations including: single stage radial-inflow, axial flow and radial outflow, and two stage axial flow and radial-outflow turbines. The performance maps in terms of the non- dimensional parameters namely: specific speed and specific diameter, are introduced that can be readily used by the researchers with different operating conditions such as rotational speed and expansion ratio. The ranges for each turbine configuration in terms of turbines performance (efficiency and power) are offered. Furthermore, the cycle thermal efficiency has been presented in terms of mass flow rate and turbine total inlet temperature for five turbine configurations. Furthermore, there exists a gap in the knowledge concerning the development of the performance maps for the efficient configuration of small-scale turbines for low power output capacity. This paper offers a better understanding of the performance maps for five small-scale turbines’ configurations by providing more results of turbine performance (efficiency and power output), cycle thermal efficiency and turbines size with various organic fluids. Therefore, the mean-line design models of the turbines and ORC’s system modelling were implemented using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES); while ANSYSR17-CFX was used to investigate the turbine performance and three-dimensional viscous flow based on real gas formulation. 2.1 Selection of organic working fluids The selection of the organic working fluids in ORC system modelling is considered as one of the most critical parameters because of the enormous ranges of the prospective applications for the available heat sources’ temperatures, the expander’s type, power size and environmental levels. This is highlighted by the abundance of literature (e.g. Tchanche et al., 2011; Bao and Zhao, 2012), where it is recognised that there is no single organic fluid that will fulfil all the preferred standards and the designers need to choice the optimal working fluid based on their applications. Also, the thermo-physical properties of the organic fluids have a significant influence on turbine ORC’s system efficiencies, size and performance, safety and stability (i.e. critical pressure and temperature) and environmental impact. Also, there are additional practical criteria which should be considered in the selection of organic fluids such as the global warming potential (GWP), the ozone depletion potential (ODP), safety and life time, as tabulated in Table 1. Based on the slope of the saturation 5PDF Image | turbine configuration for low-power organic Rankine cycle
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