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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Fig. 13a,b illustrate the change of the turbine overall isentropic efficiency and power output with the mass flow rate for all turbines’ configurations at design conditions (i.e. Table 5). It is depicted from this figure that the overall isentropic efficiency and power increase as the mass flow rates increase, with R245fa as a working fluid. Power output here is considered as the relationship between the mass flow rate and the enthalpy drop. As the working fluid mass flow rate increases the actual enthalpy drops, but the power output increases; this in turn leads to larger turbine isentropic efficiency as seen in Fig. 13a,b. By increasing the mass flow rate a larger blade height is achieved, which leads to a reduction in the blade tip clearance losses and possibly, other losses (e.g. secondary loss) as well. It is evident from Fig. 13a that the minimum turbine efficiency was 66.13% for the single-stage radial- outflow turbine, compared with about 71.72% for the single-stage radial-inflow turbine at a mass flow rate of 0.1 kg/s working with R245fa. While the two-stage axial and radial-outflow turbines have the maximum turbine isentropic efficiency and power output at a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. (a) (b) Fig.13. Variation of the turbine efficiency (a) and power (b) with mass flow rate for all turbines configurations with R245fa working fluid. As shown in Fig. 14a,b at the design point of the rotational speed range of (18000-25000 rpm) for axial and radial-outflow turbines, and at 45000 rpm for the radial-inflow turbine, it harvests the highest overall turbine isentropic efficiency and power. It is clear from Fig. 14a and b, with increasing the rotational speed, the turbine performance (efficiency and power) enhanced and reached the optimum values of power and efficiency at the nominal operating condition (Table 5). Furthermore, it is evident that turbine performance for all turbine configurations is a strong function of rotational speed; as seen when decreasing/increasing the rotational speed from the design point, as an off-design condition at mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s with the working fluid R245fa. 22PDF Image | turbine configuration for low-power organic Rankine cycle
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