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VI. Conclusions & future work There is a need to decarbonize the power sector, and RFBs present a wide design space for addressing its long-duration applications. The need is pressing, so we must navigate the design space efficiently to advance promising solutions that will be economically viable. To this end, my thesis has sought to develop new techno-economic models and studies to evaluate, compare, and design RFB chemistries. I have used these tools to develop tangible, quantitative targets for economic viability for various classes of chemistries (e.g., fade rates, servicing fees, electrolyte and materials costs, etc.), as well as identified important qualitative considerations for scalable chemistries, such as the diversification of the supply chain of critical materials. The ultimate goal is to use these models to drive actual research, development, and deployment of promising RFB chemistries. I have provided a brief example of this process in Chapters III and V, where the former identified a promising chemistry via TEA (i.e., Fe-Cr) and the latter demonstrated how one might address the technical challenges of its commercialization in a laboratory setting (i.e., electrolyte purification to reduce hydrogen evolution and promote long-term operation of the system). Much more of this translation between techno-economic modeling and demonstration or deployment is needed, as there are still no clear front-running RFB chemistries outside of the canonical VRFB. With decarbonization deadlines nearing, I feel it is crucial that the RFB community starts choosing – via utilization of the types of models and analyses presented in this work – promising candidates from the vast range of alternative chemistries being explored in the academic community and accelerating their development for commercialization and deployment. While lower-cost and higher-abundance RFB chemistries are likely needed for more significant, long-term deployment of RFBs, my studies have shown me that we ought to deploy the solutions that are ready now (i.e., VRFBs), dealing with the consequences of these more expensive and hard- to-scale chemistries in the near-term, while simultaneously preparing the next generation of battery chemistries. As shown in Chapter IV, deployment of VRFBs in the near-term would significantly help adoption of new RFB chemistries down the line by driving down the costs of chemistry- unspecific stack components and de-risking the technology. This is crucial, as the small existing production scale of RFB systems, as well as many of their critical components, remains an impediment to their broader-scale deployment. Further, a benefit to the simple and open 107PDF Image | Bringing Redox Flow Batteries to the Grid
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