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3 Electrode modifications Surface Area and Roughness Effects Graphite felt was modified by pyrolysing sucrose onto the surface, creating an activated charcoal coating. The pyrolysed sucrose increased the surface area to 13.8 m2 g−1 from 6.3 m2 g−1, as measured by BET. Additionally, the oxygen content was found to have increased slightly. An improvement in kinetics was observed from cyclic voltammetry and EIS measurements, although the charge transfer resistance reduced by only 20 %. Therefore, the increase in physical surface area did not lead to a linear increase in electrically active surface area, which would imply a reduction in wettability, or the modified electrode had slower inherent kinetics towards the vanadium redox reactions [133]. A macroporous graphitic nanoweb of three-dimensionally entangled nanoribbons was synthesized for use as an electrode, in contrast to the traditionally used carbon paper or felt electrodes. The specific surface area was found to be 213 m2 g-1 from BET measurements, which is significantly larger than typical values for carbon felts. Cyclic voltammetry using the macroporous nanoribbons electrodes returned smaller peak separation than a commercial carbon felt sample. No obvious effort was made to quantify the kinetics or assign the improvement to surface area or functional groups, however it seems safe to assume the EASA was larger at the macroporous nanoribbons than the carbon felt [134]. 39PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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