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Nguyen and Savinell (continued from previous page) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. C. Ponce de Leon, A. Frias-Ferrer, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, D. A. Szanto, and F. C. Walsh, J. Power Sources, 160, 716 (2006). M. Skyllas-Kazacos, J. Power Sources, 124, 299 (2003). “Comparison of Storage Technolo- gies for Distributed Resource Applications,” EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 2003.1007301. M. Lopez-Atalaya, G. Codina, J. R. Perez, J. L. Vazquez, and A. Aldaz, J. Power Sources, 39, 147 (1991). V. Livshits, A. Ulus, and E. Peled, Electrochem. Commun., 8, 1358 (2006). R. Clarke, B. Dougherty, S. Mohanta, and S. Harrison, Abstract 520, 2004 Joint International Meeting: 206th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society/2004 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 3-8, 2004. F. Q. Xue, Y. L. Wang, W. H. Wang, and X. D. Wang, Electrochim. Acta, 53, 6636 (2008). M. Skyllaskazacos and F. Grossmith, J. Electrochem. Soc., 134, 2950 (1987). Power Sources (Wind/Solar) Customers Charge Discharge AC/DC Converter −+ Negative Electrolyte Storage Positive Electrolyte Storage Fig. 2. Schematic of a redox flow battery system with electrodes shown in a discharge mode. require research activities in the following areas: (1.) low-cost, efficient, and durable electrodes; (2.) chemically stable redox couples, having large potential differences, with high solubilities of both oxidized and reduced species, and fast redox kinetics; (3.) highly permselective and durable membranes; (4.) electrode structure and cell design that minimize transport losses; (5.) designs with minimal pumping and shunt current losses; and (6.) large scale power and system management and grid integration. Overall, the primary barriers to commercialization for large scale energy storage are round trip energy storage efficiency, cost for energy storage in terms of $/kwh, and cost for the power capacity in terms of $/kw. About the Authors Trung nguyen is a full professor in the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at The University of Kansas. He has over 22 years of both industrial and academic experience in fuel cell and battery technology, and has research activities that span from fundamentals to devices to systems aspects. His current research interest is in interfacial and transport phenomena in fuel cells and batteries, and mathematical modeling of electrochemical systems. He may be reached at cptvn@ku.edu. roberT F. Savinell is the George S. Dively Professor of Engineering at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. His research interests include understanding electrocatalysis, mass transfer, and interfacial processes in electrochemical systems, and applications of this knowledge to device improvement and development. He may be reached at rfs2@case.edu. References 1. J. Eyer and G. Corey, “Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessment Guide,” Sandia Report SAND2010-0815 (Feb. 2010). 2. “Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage,” Report of the DOE Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Electrical Energy Storage (April 2-4, 2007). 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_ battery. 56 The Electrochemical Society Interface • Fall 2010 Cathode: N+y + ne N+ (y-n) Porous Electrode Ion Selective Membrane Porous Electrode Anode: M+x M+(x+n) + ne-PDF Image | Flow Batteries 2010
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