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MEMBRANES MOLECULARLY TAILORED TO ENHANCE SEPARATION PERFORMANCE New materials are critical for developing membranes of unprecedented efficiency to enrich CO2 or O2 from complex gas mixtures for various carbon reduction strategies. New materials must be designed with specific functionalities to yield high specificity for the transport of target molecules or ions, or with catalytic properties for enhancing transport or selectivity. In addition, new membrane chemistries are needed to create more stable membranes than those currently used in gas separations. To achieve this vision, the chemical and physical mechanisms that affect membrane transport/separation properties and stability must be understood from the molecular to the macroscopic level. Doing so requires a new approach combining synthesis of membranes with tailored properties—guided by in situ characterization of chemical and physical interactions that affect separation processes and membrane stability—with advanced computational tools to predict and simulate those processes. The improved understanding of chemical and physical mechanisms is a critical underpinning for the development of next-generation separation processes with broad applicability to CO2 capture and many other energy-related applications. Background and Motivation New approaches to carbon capture using membranes require novel inorganic or polymer materials with high specificity for the transport of target molecules (i.e., CO2, O2) or ions (see Figure 22). Membranes incorporating species with specific catalytic properties in the bulk phase or surface of the membrane are another mechanism by which separations could be enhanced. This PRD focuses on new materials that will open opportunities for developing membranes with unprecedented efficiency for use in CO2 reduction processes. Research Directions One approach to creating membranes with high specificity for transport of target molecules is to design and synthesize them to incorporate specific interactions between transport species and membrane material. For example, facilitated transport has been widely studied for both liquid membranes and biological systems.1 Incorporation of a reversible interaction into the membrane functionality has the potential to enhance both permeability and selectivity. Developing a fundamental understanding of how to design and control selective interactions will be critically important in designing revolutionary materials for use in robust, high-flux, high-selectivity membranes. Additionally, tailoring the structures of inorganic or polymer membranes could result in materials with greatly enhanced transport property profiles (see Figure 22. Concept of a CO2-permeable composite membrane that incorporates interactions between carbonate and oxygen ions with membrane material. 73PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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