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partial pressure, making these sorbents more applicable to high pressure applications. Regeneration normally occurs by pressure swing. be combined. • Systemconceptsinwhich CO2 is recovered with some steam stripping rather than flashed, and delivered at a higher pressure may optimize processes for power systems • SomeH2maybelostwith the CO2 H2/CO2 Membrane A membrane material which selectively allows H2 or CO2 to permeate, used in gasification operations with concentrated streams of H2 and CO2. H2 or CO2 Permeable Membrane: • Nosteamloadorchemical attrition. H2 Permeable Membrane Only: • Can deliver CO2 at high- pressure, greatly reducing compression costs. • H2 permeation can drive the CO shift reaction toward completion – potentially achieving the shift at lower cost/higher temperatures. • Membrane separation of H2 and CO2 is more challenging than the difference in molecular weights implies. • Due to decreasing partial pressure differentials, some H2 will be lost with the CO2. • In H2 selective membranes, H2 compression is required and offsets the gains of delivering CO2 at pressure. In CO2 selective membranes, CO2 is generated at low pressure requiring compression. Membrane/Liquid Solvent Hybrids Flue gas is contacted with a membrane, and a solvent on the permeate side absorbs CO2 and creates a partial pressure differential to draw CO2 across the membrane. • Themembraneshieldsthe amine from the contaminants in flue gas, reducing attrition and allowing higher loading differentials between lean and rich amine. • Capital cost associated with the membrane. • Membranes may not keep out all unwanted contaminants. • Does not address CO2 compression costs. Liquid S olvent-Based P rocesses: P hysical so lvents a re v iewed as a p otential a pproach f or p rocessing high-pressure, CO2-rich st reams, su ch as t hose e ncountered in I GCC sy stems t hat employ an u pstream WGS reactor. However, solvent-based processes have several disadvantages, including loss of CO2 partial pressure dur ing t he flash r egeneration and r equirement of a l ow op erating t emperature, t hus r equiring cooling of t he s yngas, f ollowed by r eheating t o g as t urbine i nlet t emperature. N ovel, s olvent-based processes are necessary that can produce high pressure CO2 at elevated temperatures. Potential process improvements include modifying regeneration conditions to recover the CO2 at a higher pressure, improving selectivity to reduce H2 losses, and developing a solvent that has a high CO2 loading at a higher temperature. A physical solvent with acceptable CO2 capacity at a higher temperature would improve IGCC efficiency. Solid Sorbent-Based Processes: Pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) is currently used to separate hydrogen from CO2 and other mixed gas streams. While PSA produces a highly pure hydrogen stream, it does not selectively sep arate C O2 from ot her g ases i n the s tream, a nd therefore doe s n ot p roduce a p ure C O2 product for s torage. S olid s orbents for p re-combustion C O2 capture f rom s yngas m ust m aintain a h igh adsorption c apacity a nd b e r esistant t o attrition ov er m ultiple r egeneration c ycles, a nd e xhibit g ood performance at the high temperatures encountered in IGCC systems to avoid the need for syngas cooling. Carbon Capture Factual Document 14PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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