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Corporation, w ith t he d evelopment of t he E conamine F G P lusSM technology, a nd M itsubishi H eavy Industries (MHI), with the development of a line of hindered amines and structured packing [13, 14] The optimizations a re focused primarily on extensive t hermal integration of the C O2 capture pl ant with t he power pl ant and t he de velopment of improved s olvent f ormulations with lo wer s tripping s team requirements and l ower so lvent ci rculation r ates than ME A. T he following ar e so me ex amples o f t he design improvements: • Improved s olvents ( higher r eaction r ates, h igher CO2 capacity, a nd l ower c orrosion and degradation). • Split flow configuration (flash regeneration and steam stripping). • Absorber intercooling (higher reaction rates, smaller absorber size, lower rich solvent loading). • Integrated steam generation. • Structured packing (lower pressure drop and smaller absorber size). It is important to point out that these technology improvements are still in the development stage and have yet to be demonstrated at power plant scale. T o date, no c ommercial scale of Econamine FG PlusSM plants are op erating, but it i s be ing of fered c ommercially b y F luor. A c ommercial 1 60 t on/day C O2 capture plant using MHI’s KS-1 technology has been in operation since 1999 at the Petronas Fertilizer Corporation in Malaysia, where the CO2 is captured from reformer flue gas [8, 9] MH I is currently conducting pi lot-scale, s lip-stream t esting ( ~10 t on/day C O2 capture) at a co al-fired po wer pl ant i n Matsushima, J apan. MH I’s n ext st ep i s t o co nduct f ull-scale t esting ( ~500 t on/day C O2 capture) demonstration at a coal-fired power plant. 2.5.2 Aqueous Ammonia-Based Solvent Processes. In addition to various chemical amines, aqueous ammonia can be used as a solvent for CO2 capture that relies upon a temperature swing t o cycle b etween a mmonium c arbonate and ammonium bi carbonate. This h as a s ignificantly lower he at of r eaction t han amine-based sy stems, r esulting i n en ergy sav ings, provided the absorption/desorption cycle can be limited to this mechanism. Ammonia-based absorption has o ther ad vantages o ver am ine-based sy stems, su ch as the potential f or h igh CO2 capacity, l ack o f degradation du ring a bsorption/regeneration, tolerance t o O 2 in t he f lue g as, l ow c ost, a nd pot ential f or regeneration at high pressure. Alstom [14] developed the chilled ammonia process (CAP), in which the flue gas is cooled to less than 20°C to optimize the ammonium carbonate reaction with CO2 and minimize ammonia s lip. The resultant a mmonium bi carbonate p recipitates ou t o f s olution a s a solid and is subsequently heated to approximately 80°C in the regenerator where the CO2 is liberated. The ammonia carbonate is then recycled back to the absorber. An ammonia solvent-based CO2 capture process [Yeh and Pennline, U. S. patent 7,255,842, August 14, 2007] recently licensed by Powerspan Corporation (ECO2TM) does not require additional flue gas cooling. Therefore, the process operates at a slightly higher temperature than the CAP process and the ammonium bicarbonate remains in solution. Ammonia slip is controlled via integration of the ECO2TM process with the E COTM multi-pollutant c ontrol system. Powerspan is currently conducting a 1-MW p ilot test at FirstEnergy’s R.E. Burger Power Station in Ohio. 2.5.3 National Carbon Capture Center. The D OE O ffice o f F ossil E nergy, E PRI, a nd S outhern Company are responding to the need for developing cost-effective CO2 capture technology for coal-based power generation with the addition of the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC) at the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF). The PSDF is an engineering-scale demonstration site for advanced power system co mponents l ocated ad jacent to A labama P ower’s co al-fired Plant G aston in W ilsonville, Alabama. T he PSDF-NCCC can test multiple projects in parallel with a wide range of test equipment sizes l eading up t o pr e-commercial e quipment s ufficient t o g uide t he de sign of f ull c ommercial-scale power plants. The PSDF-NCCC will be capable of testing pre-, post-, and oxy-combustion technologies. Carbon Capture Factual Document 18PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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