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temperature membrane reactor. T herefore thermally stable inorganic membranes are most suitable for pre-combustion and oxyfuel combustion CO2 capture applications. For pos t-combustion C O2 capture, the m embrane s hould b e ope rated in the temperature r ange of 50 - 150oC, the temperature of flue gas leaving the flue gas desulfurizer (typically a wet-lime scrubber). This temperature range fits the operation conditions of both polymer and inorganic membranes. The flue gas contains roughly about 15% CO2, 5% O2, 70% N2, 10% H2O, and other impurities (see Fig. 2, Section 2). For post-combustion CO2 capture, the membrane is used primarily t o separate CO2 from N2. So CO2 permeance, C O2/N2 permselectivity, chemical an d mechanical stability, material processibility and membrane co sts are t he main co nsiderations f or selecting a m embrane f or p ost-combustion C O2 capture. Polymeric Membranes: A large number of polymer membranes h ave b een st udied f or C O2/N2 separation i ncluding polyacetylenes, pol yarylene ethers, pol yarylates, po lycarbonates, polyimides, polyprrolones a nd po lysulfones [ 93, 94] . M ost polymer membranes have CO2/N2 selectivity in the range f rom 5 to 50 a nd CO2 permeability up t o about 600 Barrer ( 2.0x10-12 mol/m·s·Pa) [95]. Many p olymer membranes su ffer f rom a ch emical stability p roblem; in particular, C O2 induced plastization [92]. T he polyimide membranes appear mostattractiveforCO2 capture duetotheirgood physical properties and structural variability, ease of membrane f ormation, and de sired g as t ransport properties. Polymer membranes with higher CO2/N2 selectivity h ave b een r eported, b ut m ostly ach ieved t hrough t he m echanism o f f acilitated t ransport of CO2. R ecently Mem brane T echnology an d R esearch I nc. ( MTR) h as reported a r ubbery p olymer membrane called “Polaris” (detailed composition and material not revealed [95]). The membrane exhibits a moderate CO2/N2 selectivity (about 50) but high CO2 permeance (1000 GPU, or 3.3x10-7 mol/m2·s·Pa) [95]. Figure 17 compares selectivity and permeance of the Polaris membrane with other representative polymer or c omposite m embranes f or C O2 capture, a long w ith the desired r ange f or m embranes properties obtained by simulation of membrane separation process [95]. Inorganic Mem branes: Inorganic m embrane m aterials ar e k nown f or t heir b etter ch emical and thermal stability and hi gher pe rm-selectivity for gas separation than polymer membranes. The majority of inorganic m embranes s tudied f or CO2 separation a re m icroporous membranes including zeolite membranes, so l-gel d erived o r chemical v apor d eposited si lica o r z irconia m embranes, c arbon membranes, or ganic m odified s ilica m embranes, a nd i norganic-polymer co mposite m embranes su ch a s mixed-matrix membranes. CO2 and N2 have a kinetic diameter respectively of 0.33 and 0.36 nm, very close to each other. However, the quadrupole moment for CO2 is about 3 times larger than that for N2 [96]. Thus, many inorganic membranes are perm-selective for CO2 over N2 due to preferential adsorption of CO2 on the membrane material and, to much less extent, the smaller molecular size of CO2 as compared to N2. Sol- gel derived silica membranes and NaY and KY zeolite membranes show CO2/N2 selectivity up to 70-100 with C O2 permeance in the r ange o f 1 -5x10-7mol/m2·s·Pa a t r oom t emperature. These m icroporous inorganic membranes already have CO2/N2 selectivity and CO2 permeance in the desired range shown in Figure 17. Comparison of CO2/N2 selectivity a nd CO2 permeanceofvariouspolymerandcomposite membranes ( points) with t hose o f co mmercial membranes for a cid ga s r emoval f rom natural gas (full s quare), P olaris membrane ( full c ircle), an d microporous i norganic membranes ( modified f rom [95]). Carbon Capture Factual Document 34PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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