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1. Introduction 1.1. Technology Options for CO2 Capture A wide range of technologies currently exist for separation and capture of CO2 from gas streams, although they have not been designed for power plant scale operations (Desideri and Corbelli, 1998). They are based on different physical and chemical processes including absorption, adsorption, membranes and cryogenics. Figure 1 and Table 1 briefly summarizes the salient features of these technology options (Riemer, et al., 1993; Hendriks, 1994; Mimura et al., 1999; Jeremy, 2000; Audus, 2000). The choice of a suitable technology (which mainly depends on the power plant technology) depends upon the characteristics of the gas stream from which CO2 needs to be separated. Future power plants may be designed so as to separate out CO2 from coal before combustion (using coal-gasification systems), or they may employ pure oxygen combustion instead of air so as to obtain a concentrated CO2 stream for treatment. Figure 2 shows the variety of power plant fuels and technologies that affect the choice of CO2 capture systems. In this report, post-combustion capture of CO2 from flue gas streams of conventional power plant using amine-based absorption systems has been considered. Absorption Selexol Rectisol Other CO2 Separation and Capture Cryogenics Chemical MEA Caustic Other Adsorption Adsorber Beds Alumina Zeolite Activated C Regeneration Method Pressure Swing Temperature Swing Washing Membranes Gas Separation Polyphenyleneoxide Polydimethylsiloxane Gas Absorption Polypropelene Microbial/Algal Systems Physical Figure 1. Technology Options for CO2 Separation and Capture Power Generation Technologies Fuel Coal Combustion-based Gasification-based Gas Direct Combustion Gas Reforming Oxidant Air Pure Oxygen Technology Simple Cycle Pulverized Coal Gas Turbines Combined Cycle GTCC IGCC Other Figure 2. Technology Options for Fossil-Fuel based Power Generation Ceramic Based Systems Integrated Environmental Control Model - Technical Documentation • 5PDF Image | Amine Based CO2 Capture
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