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Table 1. Comparison of Technology Options for CO2 Separation and Capture Technology Option System Requirements Advantages Problems/ Drawbacks Absorption (Chemical) Absorber and stripper sections Chemical solvent (e.g. MEA, HPC) Suitable for dilute CO2 streams (typical flue gas from power plants) Operates at ordinary T & P Commercially available, proven technology The heat of solvent regeneration is very high Significant solvent losses due to acidic impurities in the gas stream Absorption (Physical) Absorber and stripper sections Physical solvent (e.g. Selexol) Less energy required Solvents are less susceptible to the impurities in the gas stream Requires high operating pressure Works better with gas streams having high CO2 content Adsorption Adsorber bed(s) Very high CO2 removal is possible Requires very high operating pressures Costly Membranes Membrane filter(s) Upcoming, promising technology Space efficient Requires very high operating pressures May require multiple units and recycling due to lower product purity Very costly 1.2. Post-combustion amine-based absorption of CO2 from flue gases Today the 300 GW of coal-fired power generation capacity in the U.S. provides 51% of all power generation and accounts for 79% of carbon emissions coming from electric utilities. Even with the expected growth in natural gas for new generating capacity, coal’s share of the electricity supply is still projected to be about 44% in 2020, and higher in the absolute amount compared to today, according to the latest DOE projections [20]. Natural gas use is projected to account for 31% of power generation in 2020. Thus, any serious policies to reduce CO2 emissions during the next two decades must consider not only the technology options for new power plants (which is the case commonly discussed in the literature), but also the retrofitting of existing coal and natural gas plants which will continue to operate for several decades to come. This medium-term intervention to reduce CO2-emissions has received very little attention to date. In current systems which use air for combustion, post-combustion CO2 separation from the flue gas stream has to be carried out. Past studies have shown that amine-based CO2 absorption systems are the most suitable for combustion-based power plants for the following reasons • These systems are effective for dilute CO2 streams, such as coal combustion flue gas which typically contains about 10%-12 % CO2 by volume. Integrated Environmental Control Model - Technical Documentation • 6PDF Image | Amine Based CO2 Capture
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