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• Amine-based CO2 capture systems are a proven technology that are commercially available today. • Amine-based systems are similar to other end-of-the-pipe environmental control units used at power plants. These units are operated at ordinary temperature and pressure. • A major effort is being made worldwide to improve this process in the light of its potential role in CO2 abatement. Thus, one can anticipate future benefits from technology advances. 1.3. Model Configuration Options For post-combustion CO2 capture from flue gas, the amine-based CO2 capture system, which is the current commercially available technology, has been chosen for this model. There is a major R&D effort going on worldwide to improve this technology – mainly to reduce the high energy penalty of this technology. A substantial part of the energy requirement consists of heat or steam requirement for sorbent regeneration. Depending upon how this steam is supplied, there are three configuration options available. These are shown graphically in Figure 3 and described below. Base plant de-rating: Here, the low-pressure (LP) steam is extracted from the steam cycle of the power plant and supplied to the reboiler for sorbent regeneration. Extraction of steam leads to loss of power generation capacity, and the net plant output decreases substantially. In case of a new plant to be designed with CO2 capture system, it is possible to optimally design the steam cycle to take care of the steam requirement of the amine system, and proper heat integration may help in reducing the energy penalty. In case of an existing coal plant to be retrofitted with amine system, optimal heat integration may not be achievable, and is likely to lead to much higher energy penalty due to steam extraction. Auxiliary Natural Gas Boiler (w/ Steam Turbine): Another potential option to provide the energy for the amine system is by adding an auxiliary NG-fired boiler. Often it would be combined with a steam turbine which could generate some additional power (mainly used to supply electrical energy demand of CO2 capture unit), and the LP steam would be then used for sorbent regeneration. Thus, the original steam cycle of the power plant remains unperturbed and the net power generation capacity of the power plant does not get adversely affected. Again, it comes at an additional cost of capital requirement for the boiler (and turbine) and the cost of supplemental NG fuel. Also, the combustion of NG leads to additional CO2 emissions (and NOx emissions). So, there are at least two possible sub-options available 1. The flue gas from the auxiliary boiler is cooled down to acceptable exhaust temperature and then directly vented to the atmosphere. Here, the net CO2 capture efficiency of the system is substantially lowered because of the additional CO2 emissions from NG boiler. Also, the total NOx emissions may exceed the allowable levels of emission. So, the flue gas from the auxiliary NG boiler may have to be treated for NOx removal before venting. 2. The CO2 capture system maybe designed so as to capture CO2 from the additional flue gas as well. In this case, the secondary flue gas stream (after cooling and NOx removal, if required) maybe merged with main flue gas stream, before it enters the CO2 capture system. If the NG fuel contains H2S, the secondary flue gas may have to be treated for SOx removal as well. The basic purpose of the auxiliary NG boiler is to provide the steam required for sorbent regeneration. With higher amount of flue gas to be treated (and more CO2 to be captured), the amine-system would require more steam and thus a bigger auxiliary NG boiler would be required (which means more secondary flue gas!). An optimal size of auxiliary NG boiler maybe determined by an iterative calculation procedure, so that it matches the sorbent regeneration steam requirement of the CO2 capture system treating the total flue gas. Thus, the CO2 capture level is maintained to the originally desired level, but it often requires substantially big auxiliary NG boiler facility. This may not be always practically feasible (space constraints for retrofit applications, fuel Integrated Environmental Control Model - Technical Documentation • 7PDF Image | Amine Based CO2 Capture
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