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10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Figure 4. Major Industrial Applications of CO2 Capture Systems All these plants capture CO2 with processes based on chemical absorption using a monoethanolamine (MEA) based sorbent. MEA is an organic chemical belonging to the family of compounds known as amines. It was developed over 60 years ago as a general, non-selective sorbent to remove acidic gas impurities (e.g. H2S, CO2) from natural gas streams (Herzog, 1999). The process was then adapted to treat flue gas streams for CO2 capture. Dow Chemical Co. (and later Fluor Daniel Inc.), Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. and ABB Lummus Crest Inc., were some of the initial developers of MEA-based technology for CO2 capture. About 75%-95% CO2 may be captured using this technology to yield a fairly pure (>99%) CO2 product stream. Today there are two main MEA-based processes available for commercial CO2 recovery plants: the Fluor Daniel Econamine FG process and the ABB Lummus Crest MEA process (Wong et al., 2000). Data for the Econamine FG process are more readily available. So, the performance and cost model is based on this process, which uses 30% w/w MEA solution with an oxygen inhibitor. The inhibitor helps in two ways – reduced sorbent degradation and reduced equipment corrosion (Chapel et al., 1999). It may be noted that this process is not applicable to reducing gas streams that contain large amounts of CO and H2, or contain more than 1 ppm of H2S, or contain less than 1% O2 v/v. On the other hand, the ABB Lummus Crest process uses a 15%-20% w/w MEA solution without any inhibitor (Marion et al., 2001). This technology can capture more than 96% of the CO2 from flue gases, but the lower sorbent concentration leads to economic disadvantages in terms of greater capital requirements (due to larger equipment size) and higher energy requirements (due to higher amount of dilution water per unit of sorbent). m to n C O 2 /d a y Year P ro c e s s L o c a tio n S ta tu s EOR 1200 Dow MEA TX&NM shutdown F e rtiliz e r 150 ? Dow MEA IG F C o p e ra tio n a l Soda Ash 800 K e rr-M c G e e NACC o p e ra tio n a l F o o d -g ra d e 320 Dow MEA NEEA,MA o p e ra tio n a l Sleipner W est G a s fie ld , N o rw a y 3000 1996 MEA based N o rw a y o p e ra tio n a l 500MW Coal- based P o w e rp la n t 9000 '80s 1978 ? 2010? MEA based ? p ro s p e c tiv e Integrated Environmental Control Model - Technical Documentation • 10 mtonCO2/day .PDF Image | Amine Based CO2 Capture
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