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2.2. Process Description A continuous scrubbing system is used to separate CO2 from a gaseous stream. The system consists of two main elements, an absorber, where CO2 is absorbed into a sorbent and a regenerator (or stripper), where CO2 is released (in concentrated form) and the original sorbent is recovered. Chemical absorption systems tend to be more efficient than the other systems shown in Appendix A, as the process is accompanied by a chemical reaction that enhances the overall mass transfer from gas phase to liquid phase. In a power plant application (Figure 5) cooled flue gases flow vertically upwards through the absorber countercurrent to the absorbent (MEA in a water solution, with some additives). The MEA reacts chemically with the CO2 in the flue gases to form a weakly bonded compound (carbamate). The scrubbed gases are then washed and vented to the atmosphere. The CO2-rich solution leaves the absorber and passes through a heat exchanger, then further heated in a reboiler using low-pressure steam. The weakly bonded compound formed during absorption is broken down by the application of heat, regenerating the sorbent, and producing a concentrated CO2 stream. The hot CO2-lean sorbent is then returned to the heat exchanger, where it is cooled, then sent back to the absorber. Some fresh MEA is added make up for losses incurred in the process. Figure 5. Flow Sheet for CO2 Capture from Flue Gases using Amine-based System The CO2 product is separated from the sorbent in a flash separator, and then taken to the drying and compression unit. It is compressed to very high pressures (about 2000 psig) so that it is liquefied and easily transported to long distances to the designated storage or disposal facility. Exhaust Gas MEA makeup Cooler lean -cool HEx * rich -cool lean -hot Pump CO2 product Flash Cooler Fan Cooler Flue Gas Regenerator Absorber MEA Storage rich -hot Pump Reboiler MEA Reclaimer Reclaimer Bottoms *Cross Heat -Exchanger Integrated Environmental Control Model - Technical Documentation • 11PDF Image | Amine Based CO2 Capture
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