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28 Technical Summary Table TS.3. Summary of CO2 capture costs for new power plants based on current technology. Because these costs do not include the costs (or credits) for CO2 transport and storage, this table should not be used to assess or compare total plant costs for different systems with capture. The full costs of CCS plants are reported in Section 8. Performance and cost measures New NGCC plant New PC plant New IGCC plant Range Rep. Range Rep. Range Rep. Low High value Low High value Low High value Emission rate without capture (kgCO2/kWh) 0.344 - 0.379 0.367 0.736 - 0.811 0.762 0.682 - 0.846 0.773 Emission rate with capture (kgCO2/kWh) 0.040 - 0.066 0.052 0.092 - 0.145 0.112 0.065 - 0.152 0.108 Percentage CO2 reduction per kWh (%) 83 - 88 86 81 - 88 85 81 - 91 86 Plant efficiency with capture, LHV basis (% ) 47 - 50 48 30 - 35 33 31 - 40 35 Capture energy requirement (% increase input/ kWh) 11 - 22 16 24 - 40 31 14 - 25 19 Total capital requirement without capture (US$/kW) 515 - 724 568 1161 - 1486 1286 1169 - 1565 1326 Total capital requirement with capture (US$/kW) 909 - 1261 998 1894 - 2578 2096 1414 - 2270 1825 Percent increase in capital cost with capture (%) 64 - 100 76 44 - 74 63 19 - 66 37 COE without capture (US$/kWh) 0.031 - 0.050 0.037 0.043 - 0.052 0.046 0.041 - 0.061 0.047 COE with capture only (US$/kWh) 0.043 - 0.072 0.054 0.062 - 0.086 0.073 0.054 - 0.079 0.062 Increase in COE with capture (US$/kWh) 0.012 - 0.024 0.017 0.018 - 0.034 0.027 0.009 - 0.022 0.016 Percent increase in COE with capture (%) 37 - 69 46 42 - 66 57 20 - 55 33 Cost of net CO2 captured (US$/tCO2) 37 - 74 53 29 - 51 41 13 - 37 23 Capture cost confidence level (see Table 3.6) moderate moderate moderate Abbreviations: Representative value is based on the average of the values in the different studies. COE=cost of electricity production; LHV=lower heating value. See Section 3.6.1 for calculation of energy requirement for capture plants. Notes: Ranges and representative values are based on data from Special Report Tables 3.7, 3.9 and 3.10. All PC and IGCC data are for bituminous coals only at costs of 1.0-1.5 US$ GJ-1 (LHV); all PC plants are supercritical units. NGCC data based on natural gas prices of 2.8-4.4 US$ GJ-1 (LHV basis). Cost are stated in constant US$2002. Power plant sizes range from approximately 400-800 MW without capture and 300-700 MW with capture. Capacity factors vary from 65-85% for coal plants and 50-95% for gas plants (average for each=80%). Fixed charge factors vary from 11-16%. All costs include CO2 compression but not additional CO2 transport and storage costs. US$/tC), which corresponds to an increase in electricity production costs of about 0.08 US$/kWh. There are relatively few studies of CO2 capture for other industrial processes using fossil fuels and they are typically limited to capture costs reported only as a cost per tonne of CO2 captured or avoided. In general, the CO2 produced in different processes varies widely in pressure and concentration (see Section 2). As a result, the cost of capture in different processes (cement and steel plants, refineries), ranges widely from about 25–115 US$/tCO2 net captured. The unit cost of capture is generally lower for processes where a relatively pure CO2 stream is produced (e.g. natural gas processing, hydrogen production and ammonia production), as seen for the hydrogen plants Table TS.4 illustrates the cost of CO2 capture in the production of hydrogen. Here, the cost of CO2 capture is mainly due to the cost of CO2 drying and compression, since CO2 separation is already carried out as part of the hydrogen production process. The cost of CO2 capture adds approximately 5% to 30% to the cost of the hydrogen produced. CCS also can be applied to systems that use biomass fuels or feedstock, either alone or in combination with fossil fuels. A limited number of studies have looked at the costs of such systems combining capture, transport and storage. The capturing of 0.19 MtCO2 yr-1 in a 24 MWe biomass IGCC plant is estimated to be about 80 US$/tCO2 net captured (300PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
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