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Chapter 2: Sources of CO2 83 table 2.4 Sectoral and regional distribution of energy-related CO2 emissions in 2000 (MtCO2) (Source: IEA, 2003). Public electricity and heat production unallocated autoproducers Other energy industries manufacturing industries and construction transport Commercial and public services Residential Other sectors CO2 sectoral approach total 1 Economies in transition 1,118.5 391.4 106.6 521.7 317.1 58.0 312.5 127.7 2,953.6 2 OECD West 1,087.3 132.0 222.8 722.1 1,040.9 175.1 494.6 96.2 3,971.0 3 USA 2,265.1 134.9 272.4 657.9 1,719.9 225.5 371.4 42.7 5,689.7 4 OECD Pacific 509.2 87.0 62.2 301.1 344.4 95.3 75.8 35.7 1,510.5 5 South/East Asia 925.5 104.1 137.9 533.3 451.8 50.9 185.6 39.7 2,428.7 6 Centrally Planned Asia 1,332.2 37.7 138.5 978.4 245.4 72.6 221.4 118.7 3,144.8 7 Middle East 280.6 6.6 118.6 193.0 171.6 16.6 90.8 112.5 990.4 8 Africa 276.3 15.9 40.2 137.7 143.5 5.0 44.5 34.8 697.8 9 Latin America 222.3 37.0 134.5 279.3 396.0 17.9 81.0 41.5 1,209.6 Sector total 8,016.9 946.5 1,233.7 4,324.7 4,830.6 716.8 1,877.5 649.4 22,596.1 sources is unlikely to occur before 2050. In addition, the ratio of low-concentration to high-concentration emission sources remains relatively stable, with low-concentration sources dominating the emission profile. these power and industry emissions are dominated by four regions which account for over 90% of the emissions. These regions are: Asia (30%), North America (24%), the transitional economies (13%), and OECD West1 (12%). All the other regions account individually for less than 6% of the global emissions from the power and industry sectors. In some scenarios, low- or zero-carbon fuels such as ethanol, methanol or hydrogen begin to dominate the transport sector and make inroads into the industrial, residential and commercial sectors after 2050. The centralized production of such fuels could lead to a significant change in the number of high-concentration emission sources and a change in the ratio of low- to high-purity emission sources; this is discussed in more detail in Section 2.5.2. Figure 2.3 shows the known locations of stationary CO2 sources worldwide, as taken from the database referred to in Section 2.2 (IEA GHG, 2002a). North America is the region with the largest number of stationary sources (37%), followed by Asia (24%) and OECD Europe2 (14%). Figure 2.3 shows three large clusters of stationary sources located in the central and eastern states of the US, in northwestern and central regions of Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands and UK) and in Asia (eastern China and Japan with an additional smaller cluster in the Indian subcontinent). 2.3 Geographical distribution of sources This section discusses the geographical locations of large point sources discussed in the preceding sections. It is necessary to understand how these sources are geographically distributed across the world in order to assess their potential for subsequent storage. 2.3.1 Present A picture of the geographical distribution of the sources of CO2 emissions and the potential storage reservoirs helps us to understand the global cost of CO2 mitigation, particularly those components associated with CO2 transport. Geographical information about emission sources can be retrieved from a number of data sets. Table 2.4 shows the sectoral and regional distribution of energy-related CO2 emissions in 2000. As mentioned earlier in this report, over 60% of global CO2 emissions come from the power and industry sectors. Geographically, The distribution of stationary CO2 emissions as a proportion of the total stationary emissions for 2000 indicates that the regions that are the largest emitters of CO2 from stationary sources are: Asia at 41% (5.6 GtCO2 yr-1), North America at 20% (2.69 GtCO2 yr-1) and OECD Europe at 13% (1.75 GtCO2 yr-1). All other regions emitted less than 10% of the total CO2 emission from stationary sources in 2000. A comparison of the estimates of CO2 emissions from the IEA and IEA GHG databases showed that the two sets produced Note: OECD West refers to the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. 1 2 OECD Europe includes the OECD West countries listed above, plus the Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Slovak Republic, Switzerland and Turkey.PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
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