PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 245
Chapter 5: Underground geological storage 233 Figure 5.22 Comparison of the magnitude of CO2 injection activities illustrating that the storage operations from a typical 500-MW coal plant will be the same order of magnitude as existing CO2 injection operations (after Heinrich et al., 2003). for industrial waste-water injection wells, injection pressure must not exceed fracture initiation or propagation pressures in the injection formation (USEPA, 1994). For oil and gas field injection wells, injection pressures must not exceed those that would initiate or propagate fractures in the confining units. In the United States, each state has been delegated authority to establish maximum injection pressures. Until the 1990s, many states set state-wide standards for maximum injection pressures; values ranged from 13 to18 kPa m–1. More recently, regulations have changed to require site-specific tests to establish maximum injection pressure gradients. Practical experience in the USEPA’s Underground Injection Control Program has shown that fracture pressures range from 11 to 21 kPa m–1. 5.5.4 Field operations and surface facilities • Facility management – reinjection plant, separation, metering, corrosion control and facility organization. Injection rates for selected current CO2 storage projects in EOR and acid gas injection are compared in Figure 5.22. As indicated, the amount of CO2 injected from a 500-MW coal-fired power plant would fall within the range of existing experience of CO2 injection operations for EOR. These examples therefore offer a great deal of insight as to how a geological storage regime might evolve, operate and be managed safely and effectively. According to Jarrell et al. (2002), surface facilities for CO2- EOR projects include: • Production systems-fluid separation, gas gathering, CO2-EOR operations fall into one of three groups (Jarrell et al., 2002): CO2 distribution systems; • Gas processing systems-gas processing plant, H2S removal • Reservoir management – what to inject, how fast to inject, how much to inject, how to manage water-alternating-gas (WAG), how to maximize sweep efficiency and so on; Jarrell et al. (2002) point out that CO2 facilities are similar to those used in conventional facilities such as for waterfloods. Differences result from the effects of multiphase flow, selection of different materials and the higher pressure that must be handled. The CO2 field operation setup for the Weyburn Field is shown in Figure 5.23. • Well management – producing method and remedial work, including selection of workovers, chemical treatment and CO2 breakthrough; Typically, CO2 is transported from its source to an EOR site through a pipeline and is then injected into the reservoir through an injection well, usually after compression. Before entering the compressor, a suction scrubber will remove any residual liquids present in the CO2 stream. In EOR operations, CO2 produced from the production well along with oil and water is separated and then injected back through the injection well. The field application of CO2-ECBM technology is broadly similar to that of EOR operations. Carbon dioxide is transported to the CBM field and injected in the coal seam through dedicated injection wells. At the production well, coal-seam gas and formation water is lifted to the surface by electric pumps. production satellite, liquid gathering, central battery, field compression and emergency shutdown systems; • Injection systems-gas repressurization, water injection and systems and sulphur recovery and disposal systems.PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
PDF Search Title:
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGEOriginal File Name Searched:
srccs_wholereport.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)