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Chapter 2: Literature review 13 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ recognition and opportunity creation through technological innovation that dominate entrepreneurship research. Table 4 summarizes the Rindova et al. (2009) authoring examples in tabular form. Example Old status quo to be New arrangement supporting change-creating changed intent 1. Google’s unconventional group leadership structure with three leaders (pp. 483- 484) 2. Google’s IPO (pp. 484) Conventional corporate governance and leadership structures; the Board of Directors appoints a CEO to the lead a company Standard Wall Street practices for an IPO: one share = one vote; earnings guidance to analysts; underwriter allocates shares Conventional relationships between banks and borrowers Meetings occur at the bank Legal instrument between lender and borrower Stipulation that a client will be taken to a court of law to recover a loan Act to recover the money if the borrower gets into difficulty Interest charged on a loan can be a multiple of the principal depending on the length of the loan period “Trio, troika, or triumvirate” of Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and CEO Eric Schmidt, who “do everything in groups.” The new arrangement meets institutional expectations without giving up authority. It preserve autonomy and mobilizes the resources needed to support autonomy “We make our own rules” Management trio owns one-third of shares but controls 80% of shareholder votes. Google Owner’s Manual: “Google is not a conventional company. We do not intend to become one... You are placing an unusual long-term bet on the team.” No earnings guidance to analysts Allocate shares by auction The new arrangement protects the founders’ intent for continued change creation, despite demands from resource holders New relationships with underprivileged and disempowered actors in the poorest part of the world Staff meet borrowers in their homes in rural villages No legal instrument between lender and borrower No stipulation that a client will be taken to a court of law to recover a loan Act to help a borrower regain strength if the borrower gets into difficulty Total interest on a loan cannot exceed the amount of the loan; no interest is charged after the interest amount equals to principal Table 4: Authoring examples from Rindova et al. (2009) 3. Grameen Bank’s relationships with borrowers (p. 484) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 2018 Ewan ReidPDF Image | Carbon Removal
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