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Energies 2021, 14, 387 22 of 32 Only a few studies have commented on the economics of methane production from NGH reservoirs, and one of these is used to extrapolate the infrastructure’s data cost. In fact, Vedachalam et al. [59] have analysed the techno-economic methane production based on the depressurization method. This method involves a vertical well that connects the NGH formation with a Floating Production Unit (FPU) with a pump able to depressurize the reservoir. The main cost parameters are summarized in the Table 6 below: Table 6. Cost data used to compute the simultaneous CO2 storage and methane production. Cost Element CAPEX Mob & Demob Top Side System Subsea system Drilling & Completion OPEX Unit [$ · 106] [$ · 106] [$ · 106] [$ · 106] [$ · 106/year] Number of Wells 1 2 5 10 We have assumed that the cost data summarized in Table 6 for methane production via depressurization method are the same when a combined method (i.e., CO2 replacement + depressurization) is applied. The main financial and technical parameters used as input in this simulation are summarized in Table 7. The lifetime of the plant is set up at 15 years [58]. We have assumed that the CO2 only replaces methane hydrate and does not form a new hydrate to facilitate the economic simulation. Table 7. The financial and technical parameter to evaluate the CO2 storage cost. Financial Parameters 1.5 250 5 1.5 2 1.5 2 2 250 350 350 10 25 50 3 7.5 15 4 10 20 Capitalization Cost of Equity Cost of Debt Tax Rate Escalation Rate Project Contingency Factor Depreciation method-recovery period for depreciation Duration of Construction in years Duration of Operation in years Technical Parameters Annual methane production [Mm3/y/well] Capacity Factor Price of methane in japan (2019) [$/m3] [60] ηstorage [56] Annual CO2 stored [Mm3/y/well] 50% 12% 4.5% 24% 3% 15% DB150—15 years 3 15 3 80% 0.335 36% 3 The tests defined the annual methane production performed both in Japan and China sites, and it was assumed that could be the same when the combined method is applied. The syngas produced from NGH is not composed only of methane but also the injected CO2 that does not participate in the reaction [56]. As a result, the produced syngas comprises 36% CH4-66% CO2 at the chosen storage efficiency. The economic analysis was conducted for different numbers of wells, and the minimum cost to store one ton of CO2 is illustrated in Figure 14.PDF Image | Energies 14
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