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house using a commercial nickel chloride aqueous solution, purchased from Epic Industrial, Inc., NJ, USA, with in-house added boric acid. All electrodes were cut from 3 foot by 8 foot sheets of 18” copper purchased from Storm Power Components, Decatur TN, SA. C2CNT has been developed on a limited budget, which posed the challenge of generating the daily flue gas containing 200 kg of carbon dioxide in a cost effective manner. This challenge was solved in the following manner: by using air, rather than tanked nitrogen and oxygen, as the principal component to the flue gas. By its nature of having been used for the oxidation of fuels, post combustion flue gas contains less oxygen than air. We are grateful for the variance allowance to use air, and we additionally still use added tanked carbon dioxide (which contains 22.7 kg of CO2 per laboratory tank) as a component of the flue gas. We use 7.3% CO2 in the round 2 test gas which fits within the allowed tolerances of both the Track A and Track B Carbon Xprize tolerances. The CO2 flow rate is carefully controlled and measured at 76 liter/minute (for the 200 kg daily CO2) by a 9/28/2017 calibrated Omega mass flow controller FMA5400/500 MASS FLOW CONTROLLER, which is built to control up to 131 liter/minute flow: Air flow is provided with a VIVOSUN 4 Inch 190 CFM Inline Duct Fan with Variable Speed Controller (purchased for $59.95 from Amazon prime) providing a several fold excess of air (pictured below) and the air flow rate is redundantly monitored with an in-line Digi-Sense Hot Wire a Thermoanemometer with NIST Traceble Calibration and also with an in- line Petcaree Anemonter Sokos Digitial Wind Speed/Air Flow Thermometer. Particulate matter in the Track A gas flow has no observable detrimental effect on the C2CNT transformation of carbon dioxide to carbon nanotubes. Molten carbonates are highly insensitive to impurities. Particulate matter is either combusted, dissolved or (those with density greater than 1.8 g/cc) gradually sink to the bottom of the electrolysis chamber. We have accidently lost large and very small pieces of firebricks, insulation, mortar, broken ceramic tubes, plastics, and wires (with and without insulation), and tongs in the electrolyte without noticeable effect on the CNT synthesis. We have extensively documented in references 1 and 2 on page 2 that low levels of nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur, and boron oxide compounds have no noticeable detrimental effect on the product and that higher levels can imbue desired doped physical characteristics to the nanotubes (for example higher conductivity, catalytic activity and battery capacity). 9PDF Image | Xprize
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