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Table 1.1: Comparison of Activated Carbon, Zeolite and Polymer Adsorbents Absorbent Type Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Activated Carbon • Small pores of various sizes (typically between 2 and 500 angstroms). • High specific surface areas of between 800 and 1,400 square meters/gram. • Lower cost. • Suitable for waste streams containing wide range of VOCs. • Not effective for VOCs with high polarity (e.g., alcohols, organic acids). • Not effective for highly volatile compounds (e.g., vinyl chloride, MTBE) • Reduced capacity in high moisture applications. • High annual costs for carbon replacement/regeneration when used for concentrated waste streams. • Fire hazard if used with oxygen bearing compounds or VOCs having high heat of adsorption. • Degrades during desorption cycles. Zeolites • Uniform Crystalline structures with uniform pores. Pores are typically smaller than those in activated carbon. • Specific surface areas comparable to activated carbon. • Highly selective VOC removal. • Good at removing small, highly polar and very volatile compounds. • Can be used in high humidity applications. • Longer life. • Less susceptible to fire. • Less susceptible to degradation • Higher initial costs. • Not suitable for waste streams containing wide ranges of VOC. Polymers • Crosslinked polymers with high specific surface areas. Pores are generally larger than found in activated carbon. • Can be used with reactive solvents without risk of catalyzing their decomposition. • Desorb more quickly than activated carbon. • Less susceptible to fire. • Longer life than activated carbon. • Lower affinity for water than activated carbon. • Higher initial cost. • Regeneration temperatures cannot exceed 125oC. • Not suitable for waste streams containing strong oxidizing agents. The remainder of this chapter focuses primarily on the use of activated carbon, since this is the most commonly used adsorbent for VOCs. 1-9PDF Image | Carbon Adsorbers
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