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The following assumptions are made to perform the calculations: VOC emitted = Toluene Required control efficiency = 98% Emission rate (Mvoc) = 100 lbs/hour Toluene concentration at inlet = 710 ppm Partial pressure of toluene = 0.0104 psia (at atmospheric pressure and 77oF) Number of operating hours = 8,640 hours/year Total time for adsorption (ΘA) = 12 hours Time available for desorption = 5 hours Total waste gas flow rate (Q) = 10,000 acfm (at atmospheric pressure and 77oF) Assume the recovered toluene is recycled at the source. Superficial bed velocity (vb) = 75 ft/min Expected life of the absorber vessels and auxiliary equipment = 15 years Expected life of carbon = 5 years In addition to these assumptions, other important inputs to the cost calculations are: Carbon cost (CC) = $4.20 per lb11 Electricity = $0.0676 per kWh12 Steam = $5.00 per 1,000 lbs of steam13 Cooling water = $3.55 per 1,000 gallons of water14 Operator labor rate = $27.48 per hour15 Re-sale price for recovered toluene = $0.33 per lb16 1.9.1 Design Parameter Example Carbon Working Capacity: At the stated flow and pollutant loading, the toluene inlet concentration is 710 ppm. This corresponds to a partial pressure of 0.0104 psia. Substituting the partial pressure and the toluene isotherm parameters from Table 1.2 into Equation 1.1, we calculate an equilibrium capacity of 0.333 lb VOC/lb carbon. w k Pm (0.551)(0.0104)0.11 0.333lbVOC /lbCarbon e 11 Median cost for virgin carbon based on 2018 prices provided by Calgon Carbon Corporation (Moon Township, PA) and Carbtrol Corporation (Bridgeport, CT). 12 Average electricity price for the industrial sector is based data compiled by the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, November 6, 2017. Available at https://www.eia.gov/electricity/sales_revenue_price/. 13 Price of steam was estimated by multiplying the average price of natural gas for industrial facilities ($4.00/MMBtu) by 1.3 and converting to $/1,000 lb of steam. Natural gas price is the 2017 average price for industrial facilities published by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (see https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm). 14 Average water rates for industrial facilities in 2013, compiled by Black & Veatch. (see 2012/2013 "50 Largest Cities Water/Wastewater Rate Survey." Available at http://www.saws.org/who_we_are/community/RAC/docs/2014/50-largest-cities- brochure-water-wastewater-rate-survey.pdf. 15 Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2017 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates – United States, May 2017 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm). Hourly rates for operators based on data for plant and System Operators – other (51-8099). 16 For this example, recovered toluene is valued at one-half the December 2017 market price of $717.64/metric ton.[16] 1-35PDF Image | Carbon Adsorbers
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