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Figure 2.4: Time chart for a 5-bed 11-step H2 PSA process [100] recovery or minimize overall power consumption and operating costs. A practical PSA/VPSA process can be fairly complex with a multicolumn design executing a wide variety of nonisother- mal, nonisobaric, and non-steady-state operating steps in a non-trivial sequence. For instance, Figure 2.4 shows the time chart for a 5-bed 11-step PSA process which separates hydrogen from a multicomponent feed mixture at a purity of more than 99.9999% [100]. Besides the conventional feed (adsorption) and purge (light reflux) steps, the cycle comprises multiple pres- sure equalization steps (EQ) and unconventional blowdown (depressurization) with pressure equalization step. 2.4.2 Cyclic Steady State PSA processes are no more complex than most of the conventional separation processes, but they are different in one essential feature: the process always operates under transient condi- tions. Since the time intervals for operating steps are usually short and boundary condition around the PSA beds change as we switch from one operating step to another, the process never reaches a steady state. Consequently, behavior of a transient PSA process is always de- scribed by a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) which requires more complex solution procedure. PSA processes differ from the conventional separation processes in one more feature: they operate under cyclic steady state (CSS). At CSS, conditions in each bed at the end of each cycle are exactly the same as those at the beginning of the cycle. In other words, although the process remains dynamic within a cycle, the transient behavior of the entire cycle remains 2.4 PSA Operation Chapter 2. Pressure Swing Adsorption 24PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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